What aspect of β cell function ultimately fails as a result of overnutrition, causing the transition from insulin resistance to fullfledged type 2 diabetes?
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What aspect of β cell function ultimately fails as a result of overnutrition, causing the transition from insulin resistance to fullfledged type 2 diabetes?
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- Bodybuilders have been known to inject insulin to increase muscle mass because it stimulates protein anabolism. What is one of the risks associated with this practice in terms of K+ levels: elevated blood plasma K+ (hyperkalemia) or decreased blood plasma K+ (hypokalemia)? Could the practice of injecting insulin to increase muscle mass be fatal?Why would a cause of hyperinsulinism be hypoglycemia? Don’t lower levels of blood glucose inhibit of insulin rather than produce large amounts of it to result in hyperinsulinism?Many diabetics do not respond to insulin because of a deficiency of insulin receptors on their cells. How does this aff ect (a) the levels of circulating glucose immediately after a meal and (b) the rate of glycogen synthesis in muscle?
- Which TCA component is syphoned off to increase glucose production via gluconeogenesis when glucose consumed levels are low?How does insulin resistance lead to failure of the pancreatic β cells that results in type 2 diabetes?Why do you suppose individuals with diabetes must receive insulin subcutaneously by injection rather than orally?
- Pancreatic β cells express a receptor for fatty acids. Fatty acid binding to the protein appears to stimulate insulin secretion. Does this phenomenon make metabolic sense?Insulin secretion is essential in metabolism. What type ofmolecule is insulin? What structure secretes it? What factorscontrol its secretion? What is/are its target tissue(s)? Whateffect(s) does it exert?In type II diabetes, insulin is produced but is nonfunctional. These individuals are described as “starving in the sea of plenty” because their blood glucose levels are high, but none of the glucose is transported into the cells. Describe how this leads to malnutrition.
- Would a metabolic rational for a child who has a similar diet to other children but after infections or vigorous exercise has low blood glucose levels and increased lactic acid in the blood along with potential lethargy, shakiness and irritability be type 1 diabetes? Noting that an effective treatment for them is alanine supplementation in the diet.How does insulin resistance lead to failure of the β cells of the pancreas that results in type 2 diabetes?It is noticed that when a strain of mice exercises, their blood glucose drops to very low levels. Which of the following can explain this situation? a) These mice do not make enough insulin b) these mice lack insulin receptors on their cells c)these mice lack glucagon d) these mice cannot synthesize glycogen from glucose