What are the differences between sodium-potassium exchange pump and sodium-glucose transporter? Besides I am struggling with understanding the Vesicular Transport (Bulk transport) why it is a form of an active transport? Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis are all passive transport. What are the differences between them and how can be an active form??? And why not concentration gradient is not involving??? Because it utilise transport proteins like receptor mediator endocytosis. It might changes some gradients. Am I misleading some concepts??? Endocytosis and Exocytosis concepts are confusing too. Thanks for reading my question :D I am really confusing of the membrane transport

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A: Plasma membrane is the outer covering of the cell. It is made up of phospholipid bilayer.

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A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation.

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.