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- What are the potential applications for microalgae and how can they be grown for biofuel? What are the different system processes that are required and their advantages and disadvantages? . Explain how a raceway would be used to grow microalgae. What are the commercial bottlenecks. What are the typical growth rates and what are the requirements for microalgal growth and implications for CO2 sequestration using microalgae (1.8 kg of CO2 per produces 1 kg of microalgae)?To track cell growth and utilization of the limiting substrate in a bioreactor, the yield is typically used. The yield overline v is defined as Y = (X - X_{0}) / (S_{0} - S) Where X and S are the cell mass and substrate concentration at any time t and X_{0} and S_{0} are the initial cell mass and substrate concentration. Assume that your cells spend a time tl in the lag phase, and then transition to the exponential phase. Calculate the concentration of the substrate S, at any time point t in the reactor Use Monod equation in the exponential phase to relate mu net to mu max . Your final answer should only contain S. S_{0} X_{0} t, mu max and K_{s}In cultivation of E.coli strain in a batch stirred and aerated tank, a static gassing out technique method was employed to determine the oxygen transfer coefficient (k̟a) for the bioreactor. After purging the oxygen with nitrogen gas, continuous air supply at air flow rate of 0.1 v.v.m. and impeller speed of about 250 rpm was initiated. Increase in the dissolved oxygen concentration upon the continuous air sparging is recorded by a dissolved oxygen (DO) probe. Using the following data, determine the oxygen transfer coefficient (ka) for the bioreactor. Saturation DO concentration is C*=9 mg/l Time (minute) Cl (mg/l) 1 1 2 3 2.5 4 3 5 4 6.5 5 7.2
- A genetically modified bacterium was cultivated to produce 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), and the following yields were obtained: YX/S = 0.106 gX/gS and YP/S = 0.28 gP/gS. Knowing that the culture medium was formulated with glucose, ammonia and some mineral salts, and the cultivation was carried out under aerobic conditions, answer:a) What is the oxygen demand in this process?b) What is the maximum theoretical yield of 1,3-PDO in this process?c) Projecting the scale-up, what cell concentration must be reached to obtain 10 kg of 1,3-PDO in a batch reactor with 1 m3 of culture?For which purpose the method of measuring biochemical demand is used?Is biocatalyst pre-treatment required for biohydrogen production? If yes, then explain any two pre-treatment methods employed; else, justify with appropriate reasons.
- A fermentation process was carried out with a yeast in a chemically defined medium containing glucose (C6H12O6) as a carbon source aiming at the production of ethanol (C2H6O). For the evaluation of the process, samples were taken at different times of cultivation and the experimental results are shown in the Table below. Based on the experimental results, one can: a) Calculate the overall substrate-to-cell conversion factorb) Calculate the overall substrate to product conversion factorc) Calculate the volumetric productivity of ethanold) Determine the theoretical maximum conversion of glucose to ethanole) Determine the efficiency of the processf) Based on the MONOD equation, calculate the maximum specific growth rate and the value of the saturation constantg) Determine the culture generation timeWhat is produced using organisms in a bioreactor?The case study for UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY needs to be conducted to study about Two different types of microorganisms producing similar bio-based compound using similar substrates. Microorganisms selected: Saccharomyces cerevisiae vs Zymomonas mobilis Bio-based compund: Ethanol QUESTION: Please explain and discussion very clearly about the advantages and disadvantages of both of the microorganisms in this process. (paragraph form)
- What is biocompatibility? Briefly describe how the success of a biomaterial is evaluated.Explain with examples the main differences among various processes for the recovery of a product through downstream processingChoose all that are correct regarding impeller type choice in bioreactors. O Marine type impellers are ideal for shear sensitive mammalian cells. O Marine type impellers are ideal for less shear sensitive yeast cells. O One function of the impeller is to mix the contents of the bioactor (e.g., nutirents). O None of these options are true. O Impeller type choice depends on the shear sensitivity of the target cells and the solution viscosity. Choose all that are true regarding the phases of cell growth in a bioreactor. O None of these options are true. O There will always be a death phase in the bioreactor, since some cells are dying throughout. O Higher variability in the bioreactor contents is associated with stationary phase. O Higher varaibility in the bioreactor contents is associated with exponential phase when the cells are growing most rapidly. O There will always be a lag phase of growth in a bioreactor since the cells need time to adjust to their new enviroment upon…