Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
Stereochemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of relative 3D-arrangement of atoms in the molecule and how they affect the different chemical processes.
(i) Draw the structure of compound and mark all symmetric carbon atoms with (*) that are attached with four different atoms or groups.
Identify the configuration of asymmetric carbon atoms.
Set the priorities of the groups attached to the asymmetric carbon atoms with according to CIP rules (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules). CIP rules are based on the atomic number of different substituents around the chiral centre.
- Atoms with the greater atomic number attached to the chiral carbon will receive higher priority. Also, the heavier isotope of the same atom gets a higher priority in case of same atoms.
- If the priorities tie on the first atom of substituents then the first rule is applied by comparing the atomic numbers of the next atom in the groups.
- In case of double and triple bonds, they are treated as if they are attached with a separate single bond between the atoms concerned.
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