We'll see in the next chapter that the stability of carbocations depends on the number of alkyl substituents attached to the positively charged carbon - the more alkyl substituents there are, the more stable the cation. Which of the two carbocations in each pair is more stable? If they are of equal stablility, specify this.
Reactions of Ethers
Ethers (R-O-R’) are compounds formed by replacing hydrogen atoms of an alcohol (R-OH compound) or a phenol (C6H5OH) by an aryl/ acyl group (functional group after removing single hydrogen from an aromatic ring). In this section, reaction, preparation and behavior of ethers are discussed in the context of organic chemistry.
Epoxides
Epoxides are a special class of cyclic ethers which are an important functional group in organic chemistry and generate reactive centers due to their unusual high reactivity. Due to their high reactivity, epoxides are considered to be toxic and mutagenic.
Williamson Ether Synthesis
An organic reaction in which an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol forms ether is known as Williamson ether synthesis. Alexander Williamson developed the Williamson ether synthesis in 1850. The formation of ether in this synthesis is an SN2 reaction.
We'll see in the next chapter that the stability of carbocations depends on the number of alkyl substituents attached to the positively charged carbon - the more alkyl substituents there are, the more stable the cation. Which of the two carbocations in each pair is more stable? If they are of equal stablility, specify this.
![The image comprises two sets of chemical structures labeled a) and b), each with two sub-parts, a and b.
a)
- Structure a: A cyclopentane ring is depicted with a positive charge (+) on one of the carbon atoms. A methyl group (CH₃) is attached to a different carbon atom.
- Structure b: A cyclopentane ring with a methyl group (CH₃) attached. There is a dropdown box, which likely corresponds to a multiple choice or interactive element.
b)
- Structure a: A linear representation of a propane molecule where the central carbon has a positive charge (+). The structure shows a linear chain, represented as H₃C - CH⁺ - CH₃.
- Structure b: Similar to part a, but with the positive charge on the second carbon from the left. The structure is shown as H₃C - CH₂ - CH⁺ - CH₃. There is another dropdown box associated with this part.
These diagrams demonstrate structural variations of hydrocarbons with positive charges, likely illustrating concepts in organic chemistry such as carbocations and their stability.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd20000fd-c8aa-4301-a2c7-8913bd047299%2F15f65ddc-33b3-42f7-8f43-f31d77cfb88c%2Fsz3xfc8_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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