Can you answer the question using MATLAB? We will consider a linear system and a nonlinear system under uncertainty, each expressed in the formof a set of stochastic differential equation (SDE) as follows:dx=(Ax+ Bu)dt + Gdw,da f(x, u, t)dt + Gdw,(1)(2)where is the state, u is the control, and dw is a differential increment of standard Brownian motion, i.e.,E[dw] = 0 and E [dw(t)dw (t)] = dt-1.In this problem, we consider the linear SDE, Eq. (1), with a very simple model where x = R², u = [0,0]"(no control), and dw R². The matrices A, B, and G are given as follows:A 02x2, B-02x2, G=02(3)where σ, E R represents the degree of the uncertainty, and let us take o₁ = 2 and 02 = 3. Assume that theinitial state is deterministic and (t = 0) = [0,0]. Take the following steps to simulate the given SDE fortЄ [0, 1]:Consider the increments of w between each time interval te [tktk+1). Derive the analytical expressionof Awk using w~N(02, 12), where Awkw(tk+1) - w(tk).Generate and plot the time history of Awk, Vk, with Atktk+1-tk=10-3, Vk, for sample numberM = 20; include 3-0 bounds in the plot and discuss the consistency with the Monte Carlo result.Hint: an increment of standard Brownian motion is white Gaussian noise.

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Answered: We will consider a linear system and a…

Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning with these NEW titles from Engineering!)

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305387102

Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.

Publisher:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.

Chapter5: Analysis Of Convection Heat Transfer

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5.12P

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The drag on an airplane wing in flight is known to be a function of the density of air (), the viscosity of air(), the free-stream velocity (U), a characteristic dimension of the wing (s), and the shear stress on the surface of the wing (s). Show that the dimensionless drag, sU2, can be expressed as a function of the Reynolds number, Us.
To determine the thermal conductivity of a structural material, a large 15-cm-thick slab of the material is subjected to a uniform heat flux of 2500 W/m2 while thermocouples embedded in the wall at 2.5 cm. intervals are read over a period of time. After the system had reached equilibrium, an operator recorded the thermocouple readings shown below for two different environmental conditions: Distance from the Surface (cm) Temperature (C) Test 1 0 40 5 65 10 97 15 132 Test 2 0 95 5 130 10 168 15 208 From these data, determine an approximate expression for the thermal conductivity as a function of temperature between 40 and 208C.
5.13 The torque due to the frictional resistance of the oil film between a rotating shaft and its bearing is found to be dependent on the force F normal to the shaft, the speed of rotation N of the shaft, the dynamic viscosity of the oil, and the shaft diameter D. Establish a correlation among these variables by using dimensional analysis.
For flow over a slightly curved isothermal surface, the temperature distribution inside the boundary layer t can be approximated by the polynomial T(y)=a+by+cy2+d3(yt), where y is the distance normal to the surface. (a) By applying appropriate boundary conditions, evaluate the constants a, b, c, and d. Fluid (b) Then obtain a dimensionless relation for the temperature distribution in the boundary layer.
5.19 Suppose that the graph below shows measured values of for air in forced convection over a cylinder of diameter D. plotted on a logarithmic graph of as a function of ReD Pr. Write an appropriate dimensionless correlation for the average Nusselt number for these data and state any limitations to your equation.
5.2 Evaluate the Prandtl number from the following data: , .
When a sphere falls freely through a homogeneous fluid, it reaches a terminal velocity at which the weight of the sphere is balanced by the buoyant force and the frictional resistance of the fluid. Make a dimensional analysis of this problem and indicate how experimental data for this problem could be correlated. Neglect compressibility effects and the influence of surface roughness.
3.9 The heat transfer coefficients for the flow of 26.6°C air over a sphere of 1.25 cm in diameter are measured by observing the temperature-time history of a copper ball the same dimension. The temperature of the copper ball was measured by two thermocouples, one located in the center and the other near the surface. The two thermocouples registered, within the accuracy of the recording instruments, the same temperature at any given instant. In one test run, the initial temperature of the ball was 66°C, and the temperature decreased by 7°C in 1.15 min. Calculate the heat transfer coefficient for this case.
1.22 In order to prevent frostbite to skiers on chair lifts, the weather report at most ski areas gives both an air temperature and the wind-chill temperature. The air temperature is measured with a thermometer that is not affected by the wind. However, the rate of heat loss from the skier increases with wind velocity, and the wind-chill temperature is the temperature that would result in the same rate of heat loss in still air as occurs at the measured air temperature with the existing wind. Suppose that the inner temperature of a 3-mm-thick layer of skin with a thermal conductivity of 0.35 W/m K is and the air temperature is . Under calm ambient conditions the heat transfer coefficient at the outer skin surface is about (see Table 1.4), but in a 40-mph wind it increases to . (a) If frostbite occurs when the skin temperature drops to about , do you advise the skier to wear a face mask? (b) What is the skin temperature drop due to the wind?
The rate of heat flow per unit length q/L through a hollow cylinder of inside radius ri and outside radius ro is q/L=(AkT)/(rori) where A=2/(rori)/ln(ro/ri). Determine the percent error in the rate of heat flow if the arithmetic mean area (ro+ri) is used instead of the logarithmic mean area A for ratios of outside-to-inside diameters (Do/Dj) of 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0. Plot the results.
Using the information in Problem 1.22, estimate the ambient air temperature that could cause frostbite on a calm day on the ski slopes. 1.22 In order to prevent frostbite to skiers on chair lifts, the weather report at most ski areas gives both an air temperature and the wind-chill temperature. The air temperature is measured with a thermometer that is not affected by the wind. However, the rate of heat loss from the skier increases with wind velocity, and the wind-chill temperature is the temperature that would result in the same rate of heat loss in still air as occurs at the measured air temperature with the existing wind. Suppose that the inner temperature of a 3-mm-thick layer of skin with a thermal conductivity of 0.35W/mKis35C and the air temperature is 20C. Under calm ambient conditions the heat transfer coefficient at the outer skin surface is about 20W/m2K (see Table 1.4), but in a 40-mph wind it increases to 75W/m2K. If frostbite occurs when the skin temperature drops to about 10C, do you advise the skier to wear a face mask? What is the skin temperature drop due to the wind?
2.15 Suppose that a pipe carrying a hot fluid with an external temperature of and outer radius is to be insulated with an insulation material of thermal conductivity k and outer radius . Show that if the convection heat transfer coefficient on the outside of the insulation is and the environmental temperature is , the addition of insulation actually increases the rate of heat loss if , and the maximum heat loss occurs when . This radius, is often called the critical radius.

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