Water is boiled at atmospheric pressure in a square (0.2 m x 0.2 m) pan placed on top of a heating unit. Pan is made of polished copper and the surface tension of liquid-vapor interaction is 0.06 N/m. The coefficient Ccr is 0.15. What should be the maximum bottom surface temperature of the pan for safe operation?   Properties of water:    ρl=960 kg/m3  ρv=0.6 kg/m3  μl=0.3x10-3 kg/ms cpl=4200 J/kgK    Prl=2  hfg=2257x103 J/kg

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Work and Heat Transfer

It is generally related to thermal engineering which tells about the use, creation, conversion and transfer of heat energy between the systems. It is also considered that to transfer heat from one source to another, transfer of masses is also required. There are various mechanisms by which, transfer of heat takes place i.e. thermal conduction, convection, radiation or by change of phase. All these mechanisms have their own specific features which sometimes occur simultaneously within the same system.