Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for Decision Making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (α = 0.7),
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- Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for Decision Making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (α = 0.7), LaPlace and Minimax Regret. Use the .50 for the probability of a Good Economy and .50 for the probability of a Poor Economy. You must show your work for obtaining the points.
|
STATE OF NATURE |
|
DECISION ALTERNATIVE |
GOOD ECONOMY |
POOR ECONOMY |
Sotck market |
80,000 |
-20,000 |
Bonds |
30,000 |
20,000 |
CDs |
23,000 |
23,000 |
Here, I would apply the first three techniques for decision-making under uncertainty, here, I would work on techniques like Maximax, Maximin and Hurwicz realism, all the calculations are mentioned in the next section,
This question comes with multiple sub-parts, as per the guideline, the three parts are taken for answering purposes,
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- Below pay-off was generated for your investment options. From this pay-off table determine the best decision using decision making under uncertainty: a.Maximax b.Maximin c.Minimax2. Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for Decision Making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (a=0.7), LaPlace and Minimax Regret. You must show your work for obtaining the points. Large facility Medium-sized facility Small facility No facility STRONG MARKET 550,000 300,000 200,000 0 PROFIT (S) FAIR MARKET 110,000 129,000 100,000 0 POOR MARKET -310,000 -100,000 -32,000 0A decision tree is a graphic display of the decision process that indicates decision alternatives, states of nature and their respective probabilities, and payoffs for each combination of alternative and states of nature. O True O False * Previous Next ► MacBook Air 000 000 DD F7 セゴ F5 $ & レ 9 * 00
- A situation in which a decision maker must choose between strategies that have more than one possible outcome when the probability of each outcome is unknown is referred to as: O certainty diversification risk O uncertainty MacBook Air 000 000 DD F7 F5 6日 5. 8.Use the table below to answer the questions that follow and caculate the Expected Monetary Value(EMV) of the different outcomesDECISION TABLE WITH CONDITIONAL VALUESSTATE OF NATUREFAVORABLE OUTCOME UNFAVORABLE OUTCOMEALTERNATIVES ($) ($)Start a big Company 2,000,000 -500,000Start a small company 800,000 -200,000Build Nothing 0 0Probabilities 0.3 0.7Calculate the following The EMV Maximin criterion Maximax criterion Minimax criterionYour company must decide whether to introduce a new product. The sales of the product will be either at a high (success) or low (failure) level. The conditional value for this decision is as follows Decision High Low Introduce $4,000,000 -$2,000,000 Do Not Introduce 0 0 Probability 0.3 0.7 You have the option to conduct a market survey to sharpen you market demand estimate. The survey costs $200,000. The survey provides incomplete information about the sales, with three possible outcomes: (1) predicts high sales, (2) predicts low sales, or (3) inconclusive. Such surveys have in the past provided these results Result High Low Predicts High 0.4 0.1 Inconclusive 0.4 0.5 Predicts Low 0.2 0.4 c) Draw the complete decision tree, including the survey option. Explain where the values on the decision tree come from
- 2. Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for decision-making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (α = 0.7), LaPlace, and Minimax Regret. Show the work on an Excel File. PROFIT ($) STRONG MARKET FAIR MARKET POOR MARKET Large facility 550,000 110,000 -310,000 Medium-sized facility 300,000 129,000 -100,000 Small facility 200,000 100,000 -32,000 No facility 0 0 0If you want to invest in a project that cost $3.5 million. As we are unsure about the future demand, there is a 40% probability of high demand with a present value for the project $3 million. There is a 25% probability of moderate demand with a present value of $2.5 million. In addition, there is a 35% probability of low demand with a present value is $1.5 million. Draw a decision tree for this problem. What is the expected net present value of the business? Should you invest? Explain. Assume that you can expand the project by investing another $0.6 million after you learn the true future demand state. This would make the present value of the business $3.9 million in the high‐demand state, $3.5 million in the moderate demand state, and $1.80 million in the low demand state. Draw a decision tree to reflect the option to expand. Evaluate the alternatives. What is the net present value of the business if you consider the option to expand? How valuable is the option to expand?Choose the letter of the correct answer on each questions being asked for each case 1. If the decision maker knows nothing about the probabilities of the four states of nature, what is the recommended decision using MAXIMAX CRITERION? D1 D2 D3 D4 2. What decision alternative will he choose if using MAXIMIN CRITERION? D1 D2 D3 D4 3. What about MINIMAX REGRET CRITERION? D1 D2 D3 D4 4. What decision would he make if using criterion of realism at alpha 0.6 is used? D1 D2 D3 D4
- Using Excel Spreadsheet and formulas for this problem (make sure cell references are unique to your table). Provide all techniques practiced previously: five (5) techniques for Decisions Making under Uncertainty, EMV, EOL, and EVPI. Use α = 0.7 for the Hurwicz. Use the .50 for the probability of a Good Economy and .50 for the probability of a Poor Economy. Show the work on an Excel file. STATE OF NATURE DECISION ALTERNATIVE GOOD ECONOMY POOR ECONOMY Sotck market 80,000 -20,000 Bonds 30,000 20,000 CDs 23,000 23,000Question 2 An oil company must decide whether or not to drill an oil well in a particular area that they already own. The decision maker (DM) believes that the area could be dry, reasonably good or a bonanza. See data in the table which shows the gross revenues for the oil well that is found. Decision Drill $0 Abandon $0 Probability 0.3 Dry (D) Seismic Results No structure(N) Open(0) Closed (C) Reasonably good(G) $85 $0 0.3 Drilling costs 40M. The company can take a series of seismic soundings at a cost of 12M) to determine the underlying geological structure. The results will be either "no structure", "open structure or "closed structure". The reliability of the testing company is as follows that is, this reflects their historical performance. Bonanza(B) Note that if the test result is "no structure" the company can sell the land to a developer for 50 m. otherwise (for the other results) it can abandon the drilling idea at no benefit to itself. $200 m $0 0.4 Dry(d) 0.7 0.2 0.1…Can you do the decision tree?