Using pencil and paper, what is the frequency of feebleminded individuals in the population? (Use the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle). If we had a population of 1000 individuals, how many would be feebleminded? How many would be carriers for feeblemindedness? How many would be homozygous normalminded? • If a eugenic sterilization law were universally enforced, such that all feebleminded individuals were sterilized before reaching sexual maturity, what would be the fitnesses of the three genotypes? Explain. • Using pencil and paper, what would be the frequency of allele A1 after a single generation of eugenic sterilization. Use the numbers you calculated in part a, and assume that every nonsterilized individual makes exactly 10 gametes. What is the total number of gametes? What fraction carry allele A1? After a single round of random mating, what would be the frequency of each genotype? How effective is eugenic sterilization at reducing the frequency of feeblemindedness (compare the frequency of feeblemindedness before and after sterilization)
Evolutionary Genetics
Evolution is known as continuous changes that occur to adjust organisms in their changing environment over many generations. Various theories have been proposed to illustrate the origin of life and organic evolution. The most accepted one is the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. According to his postulate, organisms undergo a struggle for existence due to overproduction. To survive in nature, they acquire variations. The inheritable variations are selected by nature, and it leads to the survival of the fittest.
Phenotype Frequency
The majority of populations have a certain degree of variation in their genetic pools. Scientists can predict the genetic variation happening over time by measuring the amount of genetic variation in a population and these predictions assist them in gaining important insights into the processes that allow organisms to adapt to the environment or to develop into new species over generations. This process is referred to as the process of evolution.
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
The frequencies of allele and genotype were maintained constant from one generation to another due to the absence of other evolutionary forces. It is otherwise called the Hardy Weinberg principle the field of population genetics.
Imagine, as early 20th century eugenicists did, a single locus at which there is a gene controlling
strength of mind. A2 is the allele for normalmindedness; A1 is the allele for feeblemindedness.
A2 is dominant over A1. Imagine, as Henry H. Goddard (1914) did, that allele A1 = 0.1.
• Using pencil and paper, what is the frequency of feebleminded individuals in the
population? (Use the
1000 individuals, how many would be feebleminded? How many would be carriers for
feeblemindedness? How many would be homozygous normalminded?
• If a eugenic sterilization law were universally enforced, such that all feebleminded
individuals were sterilized before reaching sexual maturity, what would be the fitnesses
of the three genotypes? Explain.
• Using pencil and paper, what would be the frequency of allele A1 after a single
generation of eugenic sterilization. Use the numbers you calculated in part a, and
assume that every nonsterilized individual makes exactly 10 gametes. What is the total
number of gametes? What fraction carry allele A1? After a single round of random
mating, what would be the frequency of each genotype? How effective is eugenic
sterilization at reducing the frequency of feeblemindedness (compare the frequency of
feeblemindedness before and after sterilization)?
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