Use the graph below to answer the following questions. 50 40 30 20 10 200 400 Social Cost Private Cost Private Cost-Social Cost Q 800 Is this a positive or negative externality? [Select] What will be the equilibrium price and quantity in this market? Select] What is the socially optimal (efficient) price and quantity for this market? [Select]

Use the graph below to answer the following questions. 50 40 30 20 10 200 400 Social Cost Private Cost Private Cost-Social Cost Q 800 Is this a positive or negative externality? [Select] What will be the equilibrium price and quantity in this market? Select] What is the socially optimal (efficient) price and quantity for this market? [Select]

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Below is the hypothetical supply and demand diagram for iron supplements in Brazil with positive externalities. 1. Move Ej to the market's equilibrium. 2. Move E2 to the socially optimal equilibrium. Market for Iron Supplements 5.0 E 1 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 D social D internal 0.5 0.0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 Quantity (thousands) Price ($)
Use the following to answer questions 7-8: Figure: Positive Externalities and Production of Semiconductor Chips Price, marginal | social benefit of chip $55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Quantity of chips 7. (Figure: Positive Externalities and Production of Semiconductor Chips) If the marginal external benefit of producing a chip is $20, then the socially optimal quantity of chips is and the socially optimal price is A) 200; $20 B) 300; $25 C) 500; $35 D) 600; $40 8. (Figure: Positive Externalities and Production of Semiconductor Chips) If the socially optimal production of chips is 500, the government could achieve the socially optimal level of production by granting a Pigouvian subsidy of: A) $5. B) $10. C) $15.
3. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantityof consumption Consider the market for pharmaceuticals. Suppose that a pharmaceutical factory dumps toxic waste into a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the factory. Producing additional pharmaceuticals imposes a constant per-unit external cost of $280. The following graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for pharmaceuticals. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $280 per unit. PRICE (Dollars per unit of pharmaceuticals) 800 720 640 560 480 400 320 240 160 80 O 1 2 3 □ O O ㅁ 4 Supply (Private Cost) Demand (Private Value) 5 6 7 QUANTITY (Units of pharmaceuticals) Social Cost ? The market equilibrium quantity is units of pharmaceuticals, but the socially optimal quantity of pharmaceuticals production is units. To create an incentive for the firm to produce the socially optimal…
A. Figure 10-8 (above)- For the described positive externality, what is the market quantity without any efforts to correct the market? B. For a positive externality, briefly explain why and how the government may get involved in the market. In your response, provide an example (type of product or service).
Suppose that at market equilibrium, the marginal private cost is $29 and the marginal social cost is $52. What is the value of the external cost to society?
If the external marginal cost from Booming Berries is $20 per thousand pounds, what is the socially efficient price per pound? Note- it's a negative externality
Consider a manufactured good whose production process generates pollution. The demand for the product is Q=100-3P. The market supply function is Q=P. The marginal external cost is MEC=2Q. What is the emissions tax that needs to be imposed to achieve the social optimum? Illustrate on graph What is the economic incidence of this emissions tax? In other words, what proportion of this tax will be paid by producers of this product and what proportion of the tax will be paid by consumers?
The picture below displays a market with a negative production externality. Click on the socially optimal equilibrium point. p² pl 0 E2 RI o
Refer to Figure. Which of the following statements is correct? Price 22 24 22 81 18 16 Social cost (private cost and external cost) Supply (private cost) Demand (private value) 120 160 Quantity a. The private cost of producing the 160th unit of output is $16 b. The social cost of producing the 160th unit of output is $22. c. d. The external cost of producing the 160th unit of output is $6. All of the above are correct.
The following question refers to the diagram below, which illustrates the marginal private cost, marginal social cost, and marginal social benefits for a goods whose production results in a negative externality. Which area represents the deadweight loss due to the externality? A j. Bh. C h+j. D There is no deadweight loss. $ g MSC MPC k m MSB Q2 Q1
3. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantity of consumption Consider the market for electricity. Suppose that a power plant dumps byproducts into a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the plant. Producing additional electricity imposes a constant per-unit external cost of $300. The following graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for electricity. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $300 per unit. 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 PRICE (Dollars per unit of electricity) 100 ப 0 0 1 2 ° 3 0 ° 4 ° QUANTITY (Units of electricity) 5 6 Supply (Private Cost) Demand (Private Value) Social Cost ? The market equilibrium quantity is units of electricity, but the socially optimal quantity of electricity production is units. To create an incentive for the firm to produce the socially optimal quantity of electricity, the government…
Air horns impose many external costs on society: the risk of being deafened, the annoyance of being awakened in the middle of the night, and so on. Therefore, the market equilibrium quantity of air horns is not equal to the socially optimal quantity. The following graph shows the demand for air horns (their private value), the supply of air horns (the private cost of producing them), and the social cost of air horns, including both the private cost and external costs. Use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the market equilibrium quantity. Next, use the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the socially optimal quantity.