Two hypothetical lizard populations found on opposite sides of a mountain in the Arizonan desert havetwo alleles (AF, AS) of a single gene A with the following three genotype frequencies:AFAF AFAS ASASPopulation 1 38 44 18Population 2 0 80 20a. What is the allele frequency of AFin the twopopulations?b. Do either of the two populations appear to be atHardy-Weinberg equilibrium?c. A huge flood opened a canyon in the mountainrange separating populations 1 and 2. They werethen able to migrate such that the two populations, which were of equal size, mixed completelyand mated at random. What are the frequenciesof the three genotypes (AFAF, AFAS, and ASAS) inthe next generation of the single new populationof lizards?
Gene Flow
Gene flow, also known as gene migration, is the introduction of genetic material from a particular population to another population of the same species through interbreeding. For example, a bee facilitates its reproductive process by carrying pollen from one flower to another. The flow alters the composition of the gene pool of the receiving population. It introduces new alleles within the population and helps increase variability. This exchange of genetic material occurs through reproduction and brings about new combinations of traits into the population. Where human beings are concerned, actual migration of populations, whether voluntary or forced, brings about gene flow.
Population Biology
Population biology is the study of patterns in organism populations, specifically the growth and management of population size, population genetics, the evolution of life history, species interactions, and demography.
Speciation
The process of speciation involves the formation of new species during evolution. The new species evolve in such a way that both new and old species are not able to interbreed. Thus, speciation occurs when few members of one species get separated from the main species due to geographical, mechanical, or reproductive isolation. These separated members develop new traits that make them different from the main species. In other words, speciation could be defined as the absence of gene flow between two populations that become new species.
Allele Fixation
A gene is a unit of heredity and contains both physical and functional information that shapes an individual. Genes are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which carry genetic information from one generation to another, from one set of parents to their offspring, and so on. Every cell in a human body, or any living organism, has the same DNA, which implies that every cell in an individual’s body has all the information it needs to build and sustain the body!
Two hypothetical lizard populations found on opposite sides of a mountain in the Arizonan desert have
two alleles (AF
, AS
) of a single gene A with the following three genotype frequencies:
AF
AF AF
AS AS
AS
Population 1 38 44 18
Population 2 0 80 20
a. What is the allele frequency of AF
in the two
populations?
b. Do either of the two populations appear to be at
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
c. A huge flood opened a canyon in the mountain
range separating populations 1 and 2. They were
then able to migrate such that the two populations, which were of equal size, mixed completely
and mated at random. What are the frequencies
of the three genotypes (AF
AF
, AF
AS
, and AS
AS
) in
the next generation of the single new population
of lizards?
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