Using the two Hardy-Weinberg equations, calculate the allelic and genotypic frequencies. Using the information provided in the chart below and the Hardy - Weinberg equations, calculate the genotypic frequencies for this population. p = the frequency of the dominant allele q = the frequency of the recessive allele p2 = the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype 2pq = the frequency of the heterozygous genotype q2 = the frequency of the homozygous recessive allele 1 = the total population Genotype Number Genotypic frequency AA 490 49% Aa 420 42% aa 90 TОTAL 1000 100% p+q = 1 [allelic frequency] p2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1 [genotypic frequencies] q= 0.3 1. Given the aa genotypic frequency, what is q [allelic frequency]? q2 = 0.09 , what is the allelic frequency for p? p = 0.7 2. Given q = 0.3 3. What is the AA frequency? 0.49 4. What is the Aa frequency?
Evolutionary Genetics
Evolution is known as continuous changes that occur to adjust organisms in their changing environment over many generations. Various theories have been proposed to illustrate the origin of life and organic evolution. The most accepted one is the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. According to his postulate, organisms undergo a struggle for existence due to overproduction. To survive in nature, they acquire variations. The inheritable variations are selected by nature, and it leads to the survival of the fittest.
Phenotype Frequency
The majority of populations have a certain degree of variation in their genetic pools. Scientists can predict the genetic variation happening over time by measuring the amount of genetic variation in a population and these predictions assist them in gaining important insights into the processes that allow organisms to adapt to the environment or to develop into new species over generations. This process is referred to as the process of evolution.
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
The frequencies of allele and genotype were maintained constant from one generation to another due to the absence of other evolutionary forces. It is otherwise called the Hardy Weinberg principle the field of population genetics.
![**Using the Two Hardy-Weinberg Equations to Calculate Allelic and Genotypic Frequencies**
Using the information provided in the chart below and the Hardy-Weinberg equations, calculate the genotypic frequencies for this population.
- **p** = the frequency of the dominant allele
- **q** = the frequency of the recessive allele
- **p²** = the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype
- **2pq** = the frequency of the heterozygous genotype
- **q²** = the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype
- 1 = the total population
| Genotype | Number | Genotypic frequency |
|----------|--------|---------------------|
| AA | 490 | 49% |
| Aa | 420 | 42% |
| aa | 90 | 9% |
| **TOTAL**| **1000**| **100%** |
**Calculations:**
- **p + q = 1** [allelic frequency]
- **p² + 2pq + q² = 1** [genotypic frequencies]
1. **Given the aa genotypic frequency**, what is **q** (allelic frequency)?
- q² = 0.09
- q = 0.3
2. Given **q = 0.3**, what is the allelic frequency for **p**?
- p = 0.7
3. What is the **AA frequency**?
- 0.49
4. What is the **Aa frequency**?
- 0.42](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff8df2fb6-e1db-4c52-b56b-e94a0defde0d%2F04562e45-b5f4-4f2d-9bdb-fce3776aacef%2F77uf7bl_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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