Transformation of mammalian cells with viruses and obtaining mammalian cells harboring the virus is a method used to maintain the virus of interest. During this process what are the plaques observed? A. Clear areas in a layer of cultured cells degenerated and lysed due to virus infection.  B. Stained areas in a cell culture indicating cells infected by a virus.  C. Virus colonies on agar.  D. Bacterial colonies on agar

Q: Some viral detection techniques involve a serological assay. This assay looks for the presence of…

A: The viruses are infectious agents, which are capable of infecting the cells and cause diseases. The…

Q: Consider the separate stages of an animal virus life cycle. Assemble a short list of structures and…

A: Viruses are minute particles that are made up of only their genetic material which may be DNA or RNA…

Q: The five stages of the bacteriophage lytic cycle occur in this order:a. penetration, attachment,…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic organism which contains genetic information either in the form of DNA…

Q: For a virus to be able to infect a cell, it must   A. Be able to specifically bind to receptors on…

A: Virus are the infective protineous coat found inside a living organism or in extreme conditiin like…

Q: Which of the following is not one of the objectives of the antibiotic resistance study?   A.…

A: Need to find which of the following option is not related to antibiotic resistance study.

Q: In a real study, scientists investigated the effectiveness of seven hand sanitizers. They found that…

A: LRV is an abbreviation for "Log Reduction Value," which is a measure of a disinfectant effectiveness…

Q: A patient that received a knee replacement implant is experiencing high fever, inflammation, and…

A: Inflammation is the body's response to injury, irritation or infection. It involves the release of…

Q: The best way to identify virus or viruses.      a. Cytopathic effects b. Serological tests c.…

A: Viruses are tinier than bacteria and cause a variety of diseases in humans, plants, and animals.…

Q: This is question is from my micro biology class. 1. OUTLINE the steps that lead to the production…

A: RNA viruses replicate in two pathway: 1) RNA-dependent RNA synthesis: RNA from an RNA template. 2)…

Q: Why are encapsolated bacteria generally more pathogenic than un-capsolated strains. a. Because…

A: The capsule is a layer of polysaccharide found outside the cell envelope of bacteria.  Capsule gives…

Q: In a plaque assay, a phage has undergone _________ cycle when plaques are observed on the agar lawn…

A: Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that requires a living host cell to grow and multiply.…

Q: Explain why only a virulent virus (like T4 phage), rather than a temperate virus, can be used in our…

A: If a virulent phage infects its host, it will produce more progeny as soon as phage DNA is injected…

Q: You are researching how the virus that you are studying spreads through a host. Which of the…

A: The study of viruses is important in understanding how diseases spread and how to develop treatments…

Q: Match the best possible fit for the following Animal virus replication stages. A. Attachment B.…

A: Viruses contain nucleic acid/ribonucleic acid in the core region while the exterior/…

Q: 6. Variations of the plaque assay can be used to determine the number of animal viruses from a…

A: There are few points about Plaque assay : When treated with the lawn of susceptible cells , a…

Q: When phage nucleic acid is incorporated into the nucleic acid of itshost cell and is replicated when…

A: A virus has genetic material that can be deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA)…

Q: We now have at least three SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 vaccines approved by the FDA for use in the United…

A: The vaccines are: 1. Pfizer-BioNTech – Authorized on December 11, 2020 2. Moderna – Authorized on…

Q: norder for a virus to replicate: O a. The host cell must lack a cell membrane O b. The genome must…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an…

Q: What are the types of in vitro virus cultivation systems (Choose all that applies)  A. Animal cell…

A: In vitro culture refers to the process of cultivating cells that are derived from the organism in a…

Q: Which of the following best describes the approach that wasused in the first gene therapy trial for…

A: SCID means severe combined immunodeficiency. It is a group of rare disorders which are caused due to…

Q: What two different DNA viral infections can be identified with a Papsmear? Explain what…

A: Infection is defined as the state of invasion on the body tissues of an organism, which is caused by…

Q: Katelyn had been working for Dr. Johnson for a month, and while she had become quite good at…

A: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in…

Q: Ti plasmid carrying a foreign gene is inserted into which bacterium that infects a plant cell?   a.…

A: The Ti plasmid vector is used in the world of plant genetic engineering with the aim of introducing…

Q: Which of the following is correct regarding the vector vaccine? Select one: a. It is a vaccine which…

A: A vaccine refers to a biological preparation that helps an individual to develop immunity against a…

Q: The contents of a plaque may not always contain a clonal population of phage if: a. Identical…

A: Plaque:- phage infected bacterium usually burst and releases a number of daughter phages which…

Q: Molecular based methods for viral detection use proteins as the analyte. True? False?

A: There are different molecular-based methods for the detection and analysis of virus elements. The…

Q: In the description of the preparation of an OR for surgery, bleach rather that alcohol was used to…

A: The disinfectants are the products that are used to kill or eliminate or inactivate microorganisms…

Q: The lytic replication cycle results in bacteriophage DNA integrated into the host genome. A. True…

A: A bacteriophage, also called a phage informally, is a virus that infects and replicates within…

Q: Properties of viruses include: a. ability to replicate in any environment b. visibility under…

A: The small microscopic organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye are called microorganisms or…

Q: A. How would a virus look under darkfield microscopy? B. Before a virulent virus can undergo…

A: Viruses are non cellular organisms that are characterised by having an inert crystalline structure…

Q: The viral genome needs to get to the nucleus for the virus that replicates in the nucleus. In other…

A: Viruses have genetic material either DNA or RNA that is surrounded by a protein coat. They require…

Q: An inadequate priming or poor priming technique will cause a serious damage in patient. Would you…

A: Hemodialysis: It is a treatment which is done to purify the blood by removing the wastes , salts and…

Q: What is the purpose of diluting a culture by making "quadrant streaks" (or "streak plating")…

A: Quadrant streak method is used for isolating the bacteria based on their differences. Four Agar…

Q: Leaky scanning allows multiple viral proteins to be synthesized from a single mRNA. A. True B.…

A: Leaky scanning could be a development within which a weak initiation sequence triplet on messenger…

Q: Using table C1 given to you in the coursework instructions, which ONE of the following would Proteus…

A: Proteus mirabilis is resistant towards Ciprofloxacin if a zone of inhibition is formed at 20mm. Thus…

Q: One of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality after a person gives birth is sepsis. Some…

A: Group A Streptococci: a. Streptococcus is gram-positive cocci that occur in pairs and chains. b.…

Q: What technique must be used to visualize a virus?

A: Viruses are an acellular parasite that are not able to reproduce on their own. It is not considered…

Q: You make a smear of E. coli and then simple stain the slide with methylene blue. If you failed to…

A: The staining procedure is a multi-step process that involves the smear preparation followed by…

Q: . Why is it helpful that the transmission compound light microscopes we studied in the lab are both…

A: A microscope is a scientific tool used to examine objects that are too small to be seen with the…

Q: Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion . Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?…

A: The given question presents a set of statements, and our task is to identify the incorrect statement…

Q: We are confronted with a new RNA virus that uses x-proteins to attach to host cells and primarily…

A: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors are a class of antiviral drugs that target the…

Q: Give an example of each of the following types of viruses a. Double stranded DNA b. Single stranded…

A: Viruses are intracellular, obligately parasitic, non-cellular, sub-microscopic organisms that…

Q: Which of the specimen(s) is a eukaryote cell? (Only one choice is correct).   A. lymphocyte and red…

A: Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a defined nucleus and organelles and are characterized by…