You are researching how the virus that you are studying spreads through a host. Which of the following assays would be the most advanced to evaluate viral spread in real-time? euthanization of SCID mice followed by dissection and flow cytometry euthanization of mice infected with engineered viruses that express reporter proteins and staining for protein expression euthanization followed by dissection and assaying for the virus in tissues MRI imaging of mice expressing viral constructs that express bioluminescence

Q: Some viral detection techniques involve a serological assay. This assay looks for the presence of…

A: The viruses are infectious agents, which are capable of infecting the cells and cause diseases. The…

Q: There is interest in producing vaccines in foods. What would be the advantages of having a vaccine…

A: Recombinant DNA technology is a technique that genetically altered vector is introduced and…

Q: Discuss the principles behind the use of the following techniques in the diagnosis of viral…

A: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) is a laboratory technique used to identify genetic…

Q: Which of the following is a known characteristic that can lead to genetic changes in some viruses?…

A: viruses need host cell machinery to replicate themselves.

Q: ut the following steps of SARS-CoV-2 replication in order ag and drop options into correct order and…

A: SARS-CoV-2 is a single stranded RNA virus which causes Covid-19. For replication, it has to use host…

Q: A person is infected with HIV. The individual is treated with several drugs, including…

A: Answer :  The correct option would be  It does not allow th viruses to make a dna copy of its…

Q: The PCR technique requires a DNA polymerase from an organism that can endure high heat, such as…

A: PCR is referred to as polymerase chain reaction. It was discovered by a biochemist Kary Mullis. It…

Q: Some RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase enzymes make a lot of mistakes. Why would this work to the…

A: Virus is a microscopic organism which contains a protective coat and the nucleic acid. It doesn’t…

Q: Fig. 5: LAPTM5 transports HIV-1 Env to the lysosome for degradation. a 120, x43 x 137 x146 NL4-3…

A: "ANSWER  By causing damage to HIV-1 Env, LAPTM5 transports it to the lysosome. With Vpr-defective…

Q: What are the techniques of prepared vaccines targetting Different types of viruses? explain at your…

A: What is a vaccine?         A vaccine is a product that stimulates a person's immune response to…

Q: All of the following are characteristics of a virus with a promiscuous host range EXCEPT: Binding…

A: NOTE: Thanks for mentioning which answers you needed. Virus Virus is small infectious particles…

Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of an inactivated virus vaccine?

A: Vaccines are nothing but immunogenic molecules which do not produce a high infectious condition but…

Q: Explain several issues we have with HIV vaccine development. Why haven’t we been able to produce a…

A: HIV stands for Human Immuno Virus. It is a virus that infects T helper cells of immune system and…

Q: You replicate the Hershey/Chase experiment and detect radioactive sulfur and radioactive phosphorus…

A: In the Hershey Chase experiment, it was concluded that phages incorporated their DNA inside the cell…

Q: EIAs are extremely sensitive diagnostic tools. Why,then, is the immunoblot (Western blot) procedure…

A: EIA stands for enzyme immunoassay, is a diagnostic test that can be divided into two types based on…

Q: You are tested for COVID. You have a positive antigen test, a positive RT-PCR test, and a negative…

A: Our bodies take some time to mount an immune response against an infectious agent. Therefore, it is…

Q: The T helper cell is killed New HIV virions are assembled New HIV buds off the T helper cell getting…

A: The HIV infection cycle involves a complex mechanism where the host cellular machinery replicates…

Q: The purpose for blocking the membrane for western blotting with milk is:      to allow antibodies…

A: Blotting refers to a technique by which a biomolecule is transferred from one medium to another…

Q: Assaying virus concentration requires healthy cell cultures. Give possible reasons to account for…

A: Cell cultures are more convenient and less expensive than eggs and animals, are convenient to…

Q: Which of the following is correct regarding the vector vaccine? Select one: a. It is a vaccine which…

A: A vaccine refers to a biological preparation that helps an individual to develop immunity against a…

Q: Briefly describe how viral antigens can be screened for using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay…

A:

Q: Viral DNA synthesis cannot take place in a resting cell. How is this problem solved? Group of answer…

A: DNA synthesis is the process by which a cell duplicates its DNA to produce two identical copies of…

Q: Should animals be utilized in viral pathogenesis research? Why or why not?  Need at least a full…

A:

Q: Explain the main defects of using animal models for viral growth and cultivation.

A: Viruses are highly infectious organisms that cannot be cultivated in non-living culture media. They…

Q: If HIV was just an enveloped virus, but not a retrovirus, which of the following drugs would likely…

A: Virus captures the host replication machinery and multiplies its genome. This is the foundation of…

Q: Describe how you would go about step-wise using the biotechnology available (RNA sequencing, PCR,…

A: The most efficient strategy for disease prevention and control is vaccination, which involves the…

Q: What is the difference between sequential and concerted assembly? Herpes viruses sequential assembly…

A: Flu Viruses (Influenza)   Flu infections have a place with the Orthomyxoviridae family and are named…

Q: Multiple Answer: Choose all answers that apply O Viruses can be uccessfully grown on plates simply…

A: Culture media or growth media is media that support the growth of a population of microorganisms or…

Q: Briefly discuss the process of rapid versus slow digitalization as well as the use of the antidote…

A: Digoxin immune fab is a drug that is used to treat and control digoxin toxicity. Patients with a…

Q: What are advantages and disadvantages of the antibody test with the coronavirus?

A: We know that The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for…

Q: bacterial mapping method (looking for [ Choose ] the METHOD here, not the term for what the cells…

A: Tranduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into the cell by a virus or virus…

Q: What technique must be used to visualize a virus?

A: Viruses are an acellular parasite that are not able to reproduce on their own. It is not considered…

Q: The current covid vaccination aims to introduce the viral spike protein into the nucleus of the…

A: TRUE

Q: You have several mutant strains of virions. Describe the replication cycle and outcome for each…

A: Understanding the life cycle of a virus, and how mutations can influence each stage, is fundamental…

Q: Test type Tests for presence of | Accuracy Time to get results RT-PCR test Pieces of the virus's Few…

A: In the past few months, Coronavirus has been affecting millions of people around the world. There…

Q: Answer the question in below and explain your answer in details with examples. Explain 3 types of…

A: Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system establish immunity against…

Q: To detect the protein in Western blotting,     antibody is used     antigen is used     DNA probe…

A: Blotting is a separation technique, in which the samples of DNA, RNA, and proteins are immobilized…

Q: A common way to prevent infectious viral diseases, such as COVID-19 and the flu, is to the virus…

A: Evolution is a steady phenomenon that bring about change in life form from simple to more complex.…

Q: How can an active viral infection be verified? (select all that apply) O antigen test ☐ RT-PCR test…

A: Virus is a microscopic obligate intracellular parasite that is able to replicate only when present…

Q: .Describe a Therapeutic Target in the life cycle of an RNA virus.

A: Viruses are infection causing acellular agents that cannot live outside a living cell. It may have…

Q: Explain how viruses can be isolated using filtration State that viruses must be cultured in cells.…

A: Isolation of virus in the liquid medium  It is easily done by centrifugation  During this the viral…

Q: Besides heat shock method, elaborate another procedure commonly used for transformation cell. of a…

A: CaCl2 transformation method Competent cells are the bacterial cells(host)  that can accept…

Q: What are advantages and disadvantages of the antibody test with the coronavirus

A: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the global…

Q: After giving brief information about the viruses, discuss briefly what is meant by their virulent…

A: After giving brief information about the viruses, discuss briefly what is meant by their virulent…

Q: Describe how we can use genetic techniques to identify the presence of viral genetic information in…

A: Genetic techniques are those laboratory/diagnostic techniques which involve any gene or gene product…

Q: Please describe how virus can replicate their genome in host cells via retrotransposon

A: Viruses are obligate parasites.

Q: Discuss in detail, how you would produce recombinant protein subunit vaccines for Influenza virus.

A: Recombinant protein vaccines, which are also known as recombinant subunit vaccines, are designed…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.