ABOUT TRANSPORT MECHANISMNO NEED TO EXPLAIN EACH ITEMS*YOU MUST ANSWER (1)-(27)*JUST FILL IN THE BLANKSTHANK YOU IN ADVANCE. Your first mission as a Bionaut requires you to enter a blood vessel andobserve the structure and functions of the cell membranes. You step into the wet- filled chamber of the microtron, which quickly shrinks you to a size much smallerthan a red blood cell.Through the tunnel - like needle of a syringe, you fall suddenly anduncontrollably enter in a blood vessel in the arm of a volunteer. You continuouslyfloat together with large, bouncy, and elastic red blood cells until you notice that theliquid turns to yellow in color. You know that you have reached already the bloodplasma, so you switch on your headlamp and observe the cells of the epithelialtissues that line the wall of the blood vessel. Their cell mermbranes seem to be madeof millions of small balloons. These are the hydrophilic heads of the (1)molecules that make up most of the membrane surface. Through the transparentsurface, you can see their flexible, (2)_interior of the cell membrane, and beyond them an inner layer of (3)_molecules with their tails pointing toward you. Here, there are (4).embedded on the cell membrane; some rest lightly on the surface, but most projectall the way into the interior of the cell. The cell membrane is indeed a (5).mosaic, the proteins are embedded like the pieces of a picture, but you can see thatthey are free to move around. You push on one of the proteins, and it bobs like aniceberg. Some of the phospholipids and proteins have (6)_which serve as an effective interaction with the aqueous environment that surroundsthe cell. You notice that one of the proteins has a dimple in its surface. Just then aminute, plump molecule floating in the blood plasma installs in a depression of aprotein. The molecule is a hormone, a chemical signal, and the dimpled protein isthe (7).tails projecting inward toward theproteinsattached to themthat enables the cell to respond to it.In your light beam, you can see the sparkle and shimmer of many molecules,large and small, in the blood and pass through the cell membrane. You see that thetransparent gas of oxygen is moving from the plasma and enters the cell interior.This movement is (8)_called (9).down its (10)_L; which it occurs through biological membrane, it istransport. Similarly, carbon dioxide is flowing out of the cell,gradient, from the cell interior, where it is (11).concentrated.concentrated, to the blood, where it is (12)_in both directions. The total concentration of solutes in the cell and in the blood mustYou signal the control team to inject aYou note that water molecules are passing through the cell membrane equallybe equal; the solution must be (13) sugar molecules slowly glide past on the cell membrane and pass through pores inrelative to the cell contents. This causes water to flow (15)through gaps in the cell membrane like the much smaller water molecules can. Thesesmall arnount of concentrated salt solution into the blood, making the blood slightlySome sugar molecules floating in the blood are simply too large to pass easilythe cell, until the two solutions are again in equilibrium. This diffusion of waterpotassium ions. Transport proteins here and there in the membrane are able to movepotassium ions into the cell against the concentration gradient. This must be(14)through a (16)_permeable membrane is called (17)proteins. This is a type of passive transport, because thespecial (18)_molecules move downconcentration gradient without the expenditure ofBecause transport proteins help out, it is called (201(19)–diffu sion.chenmscanner detects that the cell interior is concentrated withporassium ions into the cell against the concentration gradient. This must betransport; the cell expends (22)(21)the potassium ions into the cell.to provide energy to "pump"Suddenly there is a tug at your foot. You look down to see your flipper engulfedkuy a rinpling membrane. A leukocyte the size of a building quickly holds you againsthe wall of the blood vessel. The phospholipids of its cell membrane are pressedagainst your face mask. The cell is engulfing you, protecting the body from a foreigninvader! Taking in a substance in this way is called (23)_more specificallyif the substance is a solid particle. Suddenly the pressure diminishes,(24).and you are inside the leukocyte, floating free in a membrane- enclosed bag, orAnother sac is approaching; it is a (26)_(25)full of digestiveenzymes. Youthe inner surface of the cell membrane. As the vacuole joins with the cell membrane,manage to get your legs outside of the vacuole and move it back towardyou pull your feet freely and you glide away from the impatient cell, realizingthat(27)released you as fast as endocytosis engulfed you!You swim to the exit point, and the control team removes you by syringe. Thisis quite enough adventure for one day.

“Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three subparts…

Answered: Through the tunnel like needle of a…

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...