3. Consider the cell illustrated below, which has a sodium-potassium cotransporter and a sodium-glucose cotransporter in the plasma membrane. [Na] =0.10 M ATP3 Na Na Glucose [Na]=0.01M a. Is the sodium-potassium cotransport protein a symport or antiport protein? Is this an example of passive or active transport? Briefly, how do you know? b. Is the sodium-glucose cotransport protein a symport or antiport protein? Which solute do you think the cell is trying to transport because it is needed, and which solute is there to make the pump work? How, exactly, do you believe the the second solute is making the pump work? c. In this transport system, what is the function of the sodium-potassium cotransport protein? d. A third transport protein would need to be present in the membrane to keep this system running. What would that be (hint: it is in your Toolbox)? Why is it needed?

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.