This term describes an antigen that is too small to be immunogenic, however it binds to proteins in the body to increase its size, allowing it to then be able to trigger an immune reaction: O 1) hapten 2) alloantigen 3) superantigen 4) epitope

Q: APC cells with antigen presented on MHCI can trigger which naïve cell type to activate, thus forming…

A: All nucleated cells express MHC class I molecules. MHC class I molecules are formed in the…

Q: The figure below shows antibodies bound to repetitive epitopes on the surface of a bacterial…

A: Answer: Antibody Antigen reaction : Antibodies are the peptide Y shaped structure which are produced…

Q: Why specifically is IgM produced upon the primary immune response while IgG is produced upon the…

A: Antibodies protect against immunogens that invade the cells. Antibodies are of five types. That are…

Q: The first exposure of a person to an allergen results in the production of the IgE class of immut…

A: In the immune response, mast cells are essential, especially during allergic responses. During a…

Q: 1) Which line of defense are these immune response components part of? A) Complement: B)…

A: Immune system helps in protection of organism against disease.Immune system helps in detection and…

Q: What is a cytokine? A ) a. a chemical mediator (stimulus) of inflammation that is released by cells…

A: Cytokines low molecular weight regulatory proteins secreted by various cells in the body in response…

Q: This graph is illustrating the principle that: Secondary response (d) Primary Response anitbody…

A: Primary immune response is the reaction of immune system when it comes in contact with a pathogen…

Q: T-lymphocytes are the most important arm of the immune response in protecting the community against…

A: T lymohocyte or T cell are two type :  T helper cell  T cytotoxic cell  T helper  activate cell…

Q: Emil has fallen and scratched a wound on his knee. After a while, the knee swells and aches at the…

A: The entire activity of the immune system in tackling infection is depicted in the figure given.

Q: What is the difference between natural and acquired immunity?

A: Immunity is the ability of the body to defend itself against disease causing organisms.   Everyday…

Q: Which of the following is NOT true of Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs)? A) Each ILC type responds to a…

A: Innate lymphoid cells are immune cells that mirror the phenotype and function of T cells. It…

Q: What does the highlighted structure do? A) develop T cells B) develop eosinophils C) develop B cells…

A: Leukocytes and erythrocytes originate from hematopoietic stem cells. B cells, T cells, eosinophils…

Q: department minutes after being bitten by a black widow spider. You immediatrely inject gamma…

A: It is also known as vaccination. It is a process to protect individuals from infectious diseases.…

Q: There are two different but not necessarily exlusive theories of what triggers an immune reaction:…

A: When considering commensal microbes in the gut, which are part of the body's normal flora and…

Q: If you wanted to cure allergies by bioengineering an antibody that would bind and disable the…

A: Antibodies are soluble glycoproteins composed of 4 polypeptide chains of identical light chain and…

Q: Which event happens last in a humoral immune response? 1) CD4 T cell activation 2) presentation of…

A: The correct option is (d) the production of antibodies.

Q: Human immune system     a) Pathogen-associated molecular patterns are conserved…

A: The objective of the question is to determine which of the given statements about the human immune…

Q: The immunogenicit

A: Immunogenicity is the ability of any immunogen/pathogen to provoke/ generate both cell mediated and…

Q: What type of molecules are antigens? A.) proteins B.) carbohydrates C.) lipids D.) RNA E.) all of…

A: Antigen is a foreign substance which on entering the host body stimulates the immune response. This…

Q: An antigen acts is a molecule that acts like a name tag, allowing the immune system to recognize the…

A: An antigen is a molecule which elicits immune response.

Q: What scenario best describes an autoimmune reaction? Group of answer choices The destruction of…

A: The destruction of donated RBC by the recipient immune system is a hemolytic transfusion reaction.…

Q: What is the one cell type that does the most to coordinate and control the adaptive immune response?

A: The immune system's adaptive immune system, sometimes referred to as the acquired immune system, is…

Q: MACS are donut-shaped protein complexes of the complement system that create holes in bacterial…

A: Bacteria are infinitesimal, single-celled life forms that flourish in assorted conditions. These…

Q: shows the directed migration of two immune cell types, neutrophils (red) and macrophages (green) to…

A: Immune cells are the sort of cells that emerge from stem cells in the bone marrow and mature into…

Q: Which of the following mechanisms does HIV use to evade detection by immune responses from T cells…

A: HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a retrovirus that infects human immune cells,…

Q: role of the innate immune system in initiating the acquired immune response.

A: Innate and acquired immunity Immunity is the ability of the body to fight diseases. Innate immunity…

Q: Poison oak and poison ivy, which involve a CD8 cell response, are examples of what type of…

A: Any undesirable reactions that is produced by the usual immune system is known as the…

Q: Two newly developed vaccine candidates (A and B) are tested in mice for their ability to elicit high…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three subparts for…

Q: Attenuated organisms often provide a weak or short-lived immune response. Vaccines containing toxoid…

A: Attenuated organisms are used to make vaccines. The response created by them is weak (so that the…

Q: Which of the following are true of interferons? Select all that apply. O They are a critical part of…

A: In the inflammatory response to infections, interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by a number of…

Q: Herd immunity refers to everyone in a community becoming vaccinated to protect everyone against a…

A: When there occur a disease in population , there is a which transmission of a particular disease .…

Q: What kind of cell carries an IgM antibody? a)Mast cell b) B cells c)Helper T cell d) Killer T cell

A: Hi! Thank you for the question. As you have posted multiple questions, I will be answering the first…

Q: Of the following, which should NOT occur in order to facilitate T-cell selection in the thymus?…

A: T-cells are the part of immune system that kills the foreign pathogen in specific manner. It is…

Q: Which of the following activates non-specific immune responses?  a.) Pathogen-associated molecular…

A: Immune response It refers to the ability of the body to prevent itself from any infection caused by…

Q: you need a flu shot every year/season because (HA-haemoagglutinin; NA-neuroaminidase) A) the virus…

A: The viruses are constantly changing. So to keep yourself protected it is utmost important to get…

Q: Which of the choices is required to activate a helper T cell, which in turn can stimulate antibody…

A: Major histocompatibility complex contains a set of polymorphic genes which codes for cell surface…

Q: When an antigen complex is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a A) B cell. B) plasma…

A: MHC or major histocompatibility complex molecules are glycoproteins which are encoded in a large…

Q: The primary function of the immune system is to protect the host from invasion by foreign organisms.…

A: A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work collectively to protect the body and fight…

Q: Name three types of T cells.

A: T cells are defined as the T lymphocytes that are a crucial part of the immune system in the human…

Q: A student in the immunology class who didn’t enroll in the lab, heard we had been studying IgY. A:…

A: An immune system helps a host to defense against pathogens and make the host safe.

Q: Select the type of T cell that plays a role in diminshing an immune response:

A: T cell or T lymphocyte, is a vital component of the immune system. When it comes to protecting the…

Q: What is the difference between nonspecific host defenses and immuneresponses?

A: The immune system is one of the defined organ systems of the body that serves the function of…

Q: Which of the following destroys virus-infected cells?   Question 6 options:   A)  cytotoxic T…

A: The immunity is both cell-mediated as well as humoral or antibody-mediated. There are lymphocytes…

Q: The Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cripples the specific immune response because HIV OA)…

A: HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a lent i virus that attacks the immune system,…

Q: True or False. The adaptive immune response protects from one specific pathogen, but there is an…

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. It is a complex network of cells and proteins.…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.