This graph shows an individual's glycemic response after consuming a glucose-sweetened beverage. Which of the following individuals does this graph represent?
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- Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: A person has been on a hunger strike for seven days. Compared to normal, he has (a) increased release of fatty acids from adipose tissue, and ketosis, (b) elevated glucose concentration in the blood, (c) increased plasma insulin concentration, (d) increased glycogen synthase (enzyme) activity in the liver.Is glycogen is broken down to release glucose. True or false. Explain.For an individual whose liver is regulated by glucagon binding, when energy is needed - what is the major carbon source used to produce acetyl CoA? Fatty acids Glucose Glyoxylate Amino acids
- Choose the best answers for each missing word from the list below. (1)________ is a first messenger in the form of gas, and (2)__________ is a metabolite of the amino acid tyrosine that activates glucose export from live cells. The second messenger (3)________ is produced by guanylate cyclase, whereas (4)________ and (5)________ are produced by phospholipase C. 1) nitric oxide, 2) epinephrine, 3) cyclic GMP, 4) diacylglycerol, 5) inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 1) nitric oxide, 2) epinephrine, 3) cyclic GMP, 4) diacylglycerol, 5) inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 1) ammonium oxide, 2) insulin, 3) cyclic AMP, 4) calcium, 5) inositol- 4,5- trisphosphate 1) oxygen, 2) epinephrine, 3) cyclic GMP, 4) 3-phosphoglycerate, 5) inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphateWhich of the following could be used to distinguish between white and beige adipocytes? white and beige adipocytes are derived from different precursor cells beige adipocytes are not found in subcutaneous fat depots white adipocytes do not express UCP1 beige adipocytes do not contain lipid droplets beige adipocytes are only found in infantsThe body doesn’t have a reserve of proteins or amino acids for energy production. Which class of protein may be used initially during fasting to maintain glucose and energy levels? What is the difference between a glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid and why are both important during fasting?
- What is the difference between Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHNS)?After prolonged exercise the body becomes depleted of glycogen. Which type of diet will lead to a quicker replenishment of muscle glycogen, a high fat, high protein diet or a high carbohydrate diet?Explain.Elevation of serum amylase and lipase is commonly seen in: Acid reflux disease, Acute appendicitis,Acute pancreatitus, or Gallbladder disease?
- Draw out a chart showing how glucagon regulates blood glucose level.You eat a sandwich and the components are: bread, cucumber, your choice of meat or non-meat protein (ex: tofu), cheese. Respond to the following questions regarding digestion and energy balance 1. What is the hormone ratio for glucagon and insulin after eating the sandwich. Create a graph of how blood glucose levels change within 20 minutes of eating the sandwich. . 2. What state(s) is your body in (circle one for each pair): post absorptive/absorptive, catabolic/anabolic, fasted/fed 3. Create a chart/drawing showing where digestion takes place for each component (bread/veggies, cheese, protein choice). • location • phase • absorbable unit one hormone/secretion/enzyme that aids in the process what organs contribute and if they are exocrine or endocrine cells participatingIf removal of the pancreas results in a variety of metabolic disturbances that ultimately lead to death, describe the most significant biochemical and physiological changes that would occur due to loss of endocrine function of the pancreas.