What is done to glucose, after transport into skeletal muscle, to dedicate it to glycogen synthesis or glycolysis? Glycogen synthesis: Glycolysis:
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain, also known as the electron transport system, is a group of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to create a gradient of protons that drives adenosine triphosphate (ATP)synthesis. The cell uses ATP as an energy source for metabolic processes and cellular functions. ETC involves series of reactions that convert redox energy from NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)) and FADH2(flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) oxidation into proton-motive force(PMF), which is then used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism
Picture a campfire. It keeps the body warm on a cold night and provides light. To ensure that the fire keeps burning, fuel needs to be added(pieces of wood in this case). When a small piece is added, the fire burns bright for a bit and then dies down unless more wood is added. But, if too many pieces are placed at a time, the fire escalates and burns for a longer time, without actually burning away all the pieces that have been added. Many of them, especially the larger chunks or damp pieces, remain unburnt.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the cellular process involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules from the organic nutritional source obtained from the diet. It is a universal process observed in all types of life forms. The glucose (chemical formula C6H12O6) molecules are the preferred raw material for cell respiration as it possesses a simple structure and is highly efficient in nature.
What is done to glucose, after transport into skeletal muscle, to dedicate it to glycogen synthesis or glycolysis?
Glycogen synthesis:
Glycolysis:
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In animals the glucose is stored in the form of glycogen that is stored in the muscles and liver of humans.
- Glycogen is formed out of glucose by the process of glycogenesis.
Glycogen synthesis-
- In glycogen synthesis the glucose is converted into glucose-6-phosphate.
- The first step in glycogen synthesis is formation of UDP glucose by UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase.
- In glycogen synthesis glucose enters into the cell by the help of transporters, the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate, the isomerization to glucose 1-phosphate and that of formation of uridine 5ʹ-diphosphate the glucose is the direct glucose donor in glycogen synthesis.
- The glycogen polymer begins with the attachment of glucose to the protein glycogenin.
- The UDP glucose is the substrate for polymerization in (α1–4) linkages that is catalyzed by glycogen synthase.
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