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This diagram illustrates which of the following Choose from the following: (A) secretion of hydrogen via Na+/H+ exchange ions by the proximal convoluted tubule   (B) reabsorption of bicarbonate ions by intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct   (C) secretion of H+ by H+K+/ATPase pumps in the intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct   (D) A and B   (E) all of the above

This diagram illustrates which of the following Choose from the following: (A) secretion of hydrogen via Na+/H+ exchange ions by the proximal convoluted tubule   (B) reabsorption of bicarbonate ions by intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct   (C) secretion of H+ by H+K+/ATPase pumps in the intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct   (D) A and B   (E) all of the above

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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This diagram illustrates which of the following

Choose from the following:

(A) secretion of hydrogen via Na+/H+ exchange ions by the proximal convoluted tubule
 
(B) reabsorption of bicarbonate ions by intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct
 
(C) secretion of H+ by H+K+/ATPase pumps in the intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct
 
(D) A and B
 
(E) all of the above
The diagram illustrates the mechanisms of bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) reabsorption and hydrogen ion (H⁺) secretion in the renal tubular cell, which is critical in maintaining acid-base balance in the body. **Components and Pathways:** 1. **Tubular Fluid:** - This is the lumen where the urine filtrate is processed. 2. **HKA (Hydrogen-Potassium ATPase):** - Located on the apical membrane, facilitating the exchange of H⁺ ions out of the cell and K⁺ ions into the cell. 3. **V-ATPase:** - Pumps H⁺ ions out of the cell into the tubular fluid. 4. **Bicarbonate Reaction:** - In the tubular fluid, bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) combines with H⁺ to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which then dissociates into water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). 5. **Carbonic Anhydrase (CA):** - An enzyme within the cell that catalyzes the conversion of CO₂ and H₂O back into H₂CO₃, which dissociates into HCO₃⁻ and H⁺. 6. **AE1 (Anion Exchanger 1):** - Transports HCO₃⁻ out of the cell in exchange for Cl⁻ coming into the cell. **Process Overview:** - H⁺ is secreted into the tubular fluid, where it reacts with HCO₃⁻ to form H₂CO₃. - H₂CO₃ decomposes into CO₂ and H₂O, which diffuse back into the cell. - Inside the cell, CO₂ and H₂O are converted back to HCO₃⁻ and H⁺. - HCO₃⁻ is reabsorbed into the blood via the AE1 transporter, exchanging with Cl⁻. - This cycle of reactions effectively reabsorbs bicarbonate while secreting hydrogen ions, thus regulating acid-base balance.
Transcribed Image Text:The diagram illustrates the mechanisms of bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) reabsorption and hydrogen ion (H⁺) secretion in the renal tubular cell, which is critical in maintaining acid-base balance in the body. **Components and Pathways:** 1. **Tubular Fluid:** - This is the lumen where the urine filtrate is processed. 2. **HKA (Hydrogen-Potassium ATPase):** - Located on the apical membrane, facilitating the exchange of H⁺ ions out of the cell and K⁺ ions into the cell. 3. **V-ATPase:** - Pumps H⁺ ions out of the cell into the tubular fluid. 4. **Bicarbonate Reaction:** - In the tubular fluid, bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) combines with H⁺ to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which then dissociates into water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). 5. **Carbonic Anhydrase (CA):** - An enzyme within the cell that catalyzes the conversion of CO₂ and H₂O back into H₂CO₃, which dissociates into HCO₃⁻ and H⁺. 6. **AE1 (Anion Exchanger 1):** - Transports HCO₃⁻ out of the cell in exchange for Cl⁻ coming into the cell. **Process Overview:** - H⁺ is secreted into the tubular fluid, where it reacts with HCO₃⁻ to form H₂CO₃. - H₂CO₃ decomposes into CO₂ and H₂O, which diffuse back into the cell. - Inside the cell, CO₂ and H₂O are converted back to HCO₃⁻ and H⁺. - HCO₃⁻ is reabsorbed into the blood via the AE1 transporter, exchanging with Cl⁻. - This cycle of reactions effectively reabsorbs bicarbonate while secreting hydrogen ions, thus regulating acid-base balance.
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