This case explores how skin color is inherited in humans, presented in the story of Catherine and Richard Howarth whose children are surprisingly light skinned compared to their Nigerian mother. Based on what you have learned about polygenic inheritance, explain how Richard and Catherine Howarth were able to produce light-skinned babies. Are the odds indeed 1 in a million? Include possible genotypes of the couple and their children to support your argument.

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Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.