The article "A Debate in the Dentist's Chair"+ described an ongoing debate over whether newer resin fillings are a better alternative to the more traditional silver amalgam fillings. Because amalgam fillings contain mercury,there is concern that they could be mildly toxic and prove to be a health risk to those with some types of immune and kidney disorders. One experiment described in the article used sheep as subjects and reported that sheeptreated with amalgam fillings had impaired kidney function.(a) In the experiment, a control group of sheep that received no fillings was used but there was no placebo group. Explain why it is not necessary to have a placebo group in this experiment.O Sheep develop kidney diseases from other causes.O People develop impaired kidney functions from other causes.O The experimental subjects were sheep, who would not be aware whether or not they had fillings.O It is hard to get people to sign up for a study involving not filling a hole in their teeth.(b) The experiment compared only an amalgam filling treatment group to a control group. What would be the benefit of also including a resin filling treatment group in the experiment?O To ensure that something else in the process of filling the cavities wasn't causing the kidney problems.O To keep kidney problems from happening.O To stop sheep from escaping from the group.O To ensure that the resin won't cause kidney problems as well.(c) Why do you think the experimenters used sheep rather than human subjects?O It is considered unethical to use humans in an experiment like this.O Sheep cannot lie about their experiences.O It was less expensive to use sheep than humans.O It is easier to give a sheep a filling than a human.

(a) The correct answer is: 3) The experimental subjects were sheep, who would not be aware whether…

Answered: there is concern that they could be…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

A case-control study is planned to investigate whether bottle-fed infants are at increased risk of death from acute respiratory infections compared breast-fed infants. The mothers of a group of cases (infants' deaths, with an underlying respiratory cause named on the death certificate) will be interviewed about the breast-feeding status of the child prior to the illness leading to death. The results will be compared to with those obtained from mothers of a group of healthy controls regarding the current breast-feeding status of their infants. It is expected that about 40% of controls will be bottle-fed, and we would like to detect a difference if bottle-feeding was associated with a two-fold increase of death (OR-2). A. How many cases and controls need to be studied to give a 90% power of achieving 5% significance level. Copy and paste/print the answer from the software. B. Repeat part (A) if the OR was three-fold increase. What do you notice about the sample size needed? Explain
Researchers investigate how the presence of cell phones influence the quality of human interaction. Subjects are randomly selected from a population and divided into an experimental group that is asked to leave their phones in the front of the room and a control group that are not asked to leave their cell phones at the front of the room. Subjects are left alone for 10 minutes and then asked to take a survey designed to measure quality of interactions they had with others in the experiment. What statistical test is appropriate?
A clinical trial is conducted to compare an experimental medication to placebo to reduce the symptoms of asthma. Two hundred participants are enrolled in the study and randomized to receive either the experimental medication or placebo. The primary outcome is self-reported reduction of symptoms. Among 100 participants who receive the experimental medication, 38 report a reduction of symptoms as compared to 21 participants of 100 assigned to placebo. When you test if there is a significant difference in the proportions of participants reporting a reduction of symptoms between the experimental and placebo groups. Use α = 0.05. What should the researcher’s conclusion be for a 5% significance level? Reject H0because 2.64 ≥ 1.960. We have statistically significant evidence at α = 0.05 to show that there is a difference in the proportions of patients reporting a reduction in symptoms. We reject H0 at the 5% level because 2.64 is greater than 1.96. We do have statistically…
A researcher is testing the effectiveness of an intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes and depression that focuses on increasing medication adherence compared with usual primary care. Patients randomized to the intervention group were more likely to achieve remission of depression compared with patients in the usual care group at 12 weeks (intervention 58.7% vs usual care 30.7%, p < .001). Based on this information and the information found in table 1, how would you interpret the study findings. Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Study Population Characteristic Sociodemographic Age, mean (SD) y African American, n (%) White, n (%) Hispanic, n (%) Other, n (%) Years with diabetes, mean (SD) MMSE score, mean (SD) Usual Care (n=88) 57.1 (9.6) 48 (54.5) 36 (40.9) 3 (3.4) 1 (1.1) 12.0 (11.8) 28.2 (2.3) Intervention (n=92) 57.8 (9.4) 54 (58.7) 29 (31.5) 4 (4.3) 5 (5.4) 10.5 (1.2) 28.2 (2:3) P value .63 .30 .02 ,99 4 TRA 1
MTH2003 SP 2023 4. If you are a dog lover, perhaps having your dog along reduces the effect of stress. To examine the effect of pets in stressful situations, researchers recruited 48 women who said they were dog lovers. Sixteen of the subjects were randomly assigned to each of three groups to do a stressful task-alone (the control group C), with a good friend present (F), or with their dog present (P). The subject's average heart rate during the task is one measure of the effect of stress. The following is the output Based on the screenshot of analysis, please record the information from ANOVA run on crunch-it. . listed below in your answer, and then draw your conclusion. Be sure to decide if this was appropriate to run in the first place. Write a one or two sentence summary in non-statistical language to describe what you have found, not how you found it. Your audience is people who have never had a statistics class (think of middle of the road 8th graders, not the really bright…
A pharmaceutical company has developed a new drug called Antisubcillin to treat substance use disorder. They have just completed an experiment assessing the safety of the drug. To test safety, 100 rats were given 20 mg of Antisubcillin and 100 rats were given a placebo. The study was conducted as a double-blind controlled study and so the researchers did not know which rats were receiving the drug and which were receiving the placebo. The number of negative side effects displayed by each rat over the course of 8 weeks was recorded. Which statistical test should be used to analyze these data? z test one-sample t test independent samples t test dependent samples t test
A clinical trial is conducted to compare an experimental medication to placebo to reduce the symptoms of asthma. Two hundred participants are enrolled in the study and randomized to receive either the experimental medication or placebo. The primary outcome is self-reported reduction of symptoms. Among 100 participants who receive the experimental medication, 38 report a reduction of symptoms as compared to 21 participants of 100 assigned to placebo. When you test if there is a significant difference in the proportions of participants reporting a reduction of symptoms between the experimental and placebo groups. Use α = 0.05. What should the researcher’s conclusion be for a 5% significance level? Reject H0because 2.64 ≥ 1.960. We have statistically significant evidence at α = 0.05 to show that there is a difference in the proportions of patients reporting a reduction in symptoms. We reject H0 at the 5% level because 2.64 is greater than 1.96. We do have statistically…
A doctor is studying the relationship between blood pressure and heartbeat abnormalities in her patients. She tests a random sample of her patients and notes their blood pressures (high, low, or normal) and their heartbeats (regular or irregular). She finds that: 14% have high blood pressure. • 22% have low blood pressure. 15% have an irregular heartbeat. • Of those with an irregular heartbeat, one-third have high blood pressure. • Of those with normal blood pressure, one-eighth have an irregular heartbeat. What portion of the patients selected have a regular heartbeat and low blood pressure? (0.2)
Here is the scenario for your Between Subjects Independent One Way ANOVA: Dr. Xena is interested in determine which type of therapy best helps persons with bipolar depression. She gathers a random and representative sample of men and women ages 18-95 years of age who have a diagnosis of Bipolar Depression who are taking Lithium for at least 6 months. She randomly assigns participants to conditions and measures well being scores after 4 months of therapy. Well being scores range from 0-100, with 100 being high well-being (feel good and experiencing no mood swings). Here is the data: Cognitive Therapy EMDR Therapy Psychoanalytical Therapy 15 72 28 78 91…
An experimental study was conducted on the effect of programmed materials in English on the performance of 20 selected college students. Before the program was implemented pretest was administered and after 5 months the same instrument was used to get the post-test result.
A clinical trial is conducted to compare an experimental medication to placebo to reduce the symptoms of asthma. Two hundred participants are enrolled in the study and randomized to receive either the experimental medication or placebo. The primary outcome is self-reported reduction of symptoms. Among 100 participants who receive the experimental medication, 38 report a reduction of symptoms as compared to 21 participants of 100 assigned to placebo. When you test if there is a significant difference in the proportions of participants reporting a reduction of symptoms between the experimental and placebo groups. Use α = 0.05. What should the researcher’s conclusion be for a 5% significance level? Reject H0because 2.64 ≥ 1.960. We have statistically significant evidence at α = 0.05 to show that there is a difference in the proportions of patients reporting a reduction in symptoms. We reject H0 at the 5% level because 2.64 is greater than 1.96. We do have statistically…
An experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the type of snack and children's perception of satiation was designed so that subjects aged 10 to 13 years were randomly assigned a snack that was of the exact same ingredients but described differently. The first group had their snack described as healthy and full of vitamins, the second group had their snack described as tasty, the third group were given a snack without any description whatsoever. Thirty minutes after finishing the snack, subjects were asked to rate their hunger on a scale of 1 to 10. The results are summarized in the table: ANOVA: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Healthy Tasty No Description ANOVA Source of Variation Between Groups Within Groups Total Count 12 13. 14 SS 17.46154 62.89744 80.35897 Sum 62 46 56 Average 5.1667 3.5385 4.0000 Variance 1.9697 1.9359 1.3846 df MS F P-value 2 8.730769 4.997146 0.012156 36 1.747151 38 Based on these results, at a 5% level of significance what conclusion can the researchers draw from…

Recommended textbooks for you

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

Statistics

ISBN:

9781119256830

Author:

Amos Gilat

Publisher:

John Wiley & Sons Inc

Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th…

Statistics

ISBN:

9781305251809

Author:

Jay L. Devore

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C…

Statistics

ISBN:

9781305504912

Author:

Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

Statistics

ISBN:

9781119256830

Author:

Amos Gilat

Publisher:

John Wiley & Sons Inc

Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th…

Statistics

ISBN:

9781305251809

Author:

Jay L. Devore

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C…

Statistics

ISBN:

9781305504912

Author:

Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E…

Statistics

ISBN:

9780134683416

Author:

Ron Larson, Betsy Farber

Publisher:

PEARSON

The Basic Practice of Statistics

Statistics

ISBN:

9781319042578

Author:

David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. Fligner

Publisher:

W. H. Freeman

Introduction to the Practice of Statistics

Statistics

ISBN:

9781319013387

Author:

David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. Craig

Publisher:

W. H. Freeman

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS