The U.S. is an importer of ethanol, and let’s assume they are a price-taker in the world market.  Suppose that a technological advance in ethanol production in Brazil, the world’s largest exporter, drives down the world price of ethanol by $5.     Draw a graph and explain how this change in world price affects consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus in the U.S. market.                                              Now suppose the U.S. government institutes an import tariff of $5 in response to the fall in the world price.  On your graph label the revenue raised by the tariff and the deadweight loss created (if it exists).  Who is likely to support this policy?                     Suppose that the fall in price is attributable not to a technological advance but to a subsidy from the Brazilian government to Brazilian ethanol producers.  How would this affect your analysis?

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