The type specific antigen (A, B or C) of influenza viruses is found on which viral constituent? A-Nucleocapsid B-Lipid in viral envelope C-Neuraminidase D-Hemagglutinin E-Major structural protein

Q: Certain drugs to combat human viral diseases affect spike glycoproteinsin the viral envelope.…

A: A virus is a very tiny microorganism that does not have the capacity to survive on its own and…

Q: Medications that prevent and treat influenza by binding to neuraminidase on the viral surface act…

A: Influenza is a respiratory system (lungs, throat, and nose) based viral infection. In severe cases,…

Q: Discuss the following statement: “Viruses exist in the twilight zone of life: outside cells they are…

A: The small microscopic organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye are called microorganisms.…

Q: Describe the structural features of the human immunodeficiency virus and the host cell membrane that…

A: Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two human-infecting species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of…

Q: What are the functions of the HA and NA spikes?

A: Viruses are obligate parasites. They are  non cellular entities which have their RNA (ribonucleic…

Q: The 5'-Cap on viral MRNA plays a critical role in: Maturation and stability of the MRNA…

A: The 5'-cap on viral mRNA plays a critical role in : A. Maturation and stability of the mRNA B.…

Q: After entry into the respiratory tract (alveolar epithelium), which is the target protein for the…

A: Acute Respiratory Syndrome Serious Since there are several conserved receptor inputs, namely…

Q: what is the genetic material of COVID-19 (the virus currently in pandemic)?…

A: COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2…

Q: Label the key to indicate the functions of the genes in the HIV genome. Infectivity and budding…

A: AIDS is caused by the human immuno deficiency virus (HIV), a member of a group of virus called…

Q: Is a DNA polymerase generally required for an RNA virus? Why or why not?

A: No, a DNA polymerase is not generally required for an RNA virus. RNA viruses replicate their genetic…

Q: Fig. 5: LAPTM5 transports HIV-1 Env to the lysosome for degradation. a 120, x43 x 137 x146 NL4-3…

A: "ANSWER  By causing damage to HIV-1 Env, LAPTM5 transports it to the lysosome. With Vpr-defective…

Q: Explain why antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections. Advise a person about what can be…

A: A bacterial infection  is one which is caused by a bacteria. Examples of these infections include…

Q: The lytic pathway of a virus is characterized by     viral DNA is incorporated into the host…

A: The lytic cycle is known for the process of lysis, when virus is infected the cell , formation of…

Q: Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the viral envelope? (Choose All that apply) It is…

A: The viral envelope is essential to the virus's life cycle because it protects the viral DNA and…

Q: Describe the structural features of the human immunodeficiency virusand the host cell membrane that…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent. It replicates only inside the living cells of an…

Q: Describe the general features of viral architecture.

A: Viruses are microscopic infectious agents they are not cells so they lack nucleus cytoplasm and…

Q: What is an envelope? What are spikes (peplomers)? Why do some enveloped viruses have pleomorphic…

A: A virus is a microorganism that has an infectious property. It cannot reproduce by itself.

Q: Which of the following statements are correct for RNA viruses? Mark all that apply. A.Replication…

A: RNA viruses are a type of virus that have RNA (ribonucleic acid) as their genetic material instead…

Q: Mention one significant function of capsid in virus.

A: Virus is a nucleoprotein entity which able to utilize the synthetic machinery of a living cell of…

Q: What is the function of the Matrix protein during rabies virus pathogenesis?

A: Rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that is responsible for causing rabies disease in humans as well…

Q: Explain the processes involved in viral replication or virus reproduction.

A: Viruses are microscopic particles that are obligate parasites and they lack the ability to survive…

Q: Which properties are targeted when scientists develop antiviral drugs? removal of viral MRNAS…

A: The property which must be targeted by the scientists while developing the antiviral drugs is:…

Q: The proteins on the surface of envelope viruses generally have to perform a few key tasks,…

A: 1. There has been no evidence that the translation of viral proteins is facilitated by proteins on…

Q: Which of the following processes occurs in both lytic and nonlytic viral infections?(i) Infected…

A: Statement (i) Infected cell ruptures to release viral particles is only limited to lytic cycle…

Q: Why might a virus encode its own version of an MHC class I molecule?

A: To determine: To determine why a virus encode its own version of an MHC class I molecule

Q: Why did Sabin create an oral vaccine?    - Oral vaccine are always more effective than injected…

A: The immune system is a complicated physiological system comprised of several organs, tissues, and…

Q: What is the exact role of each specific viral protein? Explain

A: Norovirus is a contagious virus that is responsible for inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract…

Q: Explain the Lytic replication cycle of a nonenveloped bacterial virus.

A: Viruses follow two types of the cycle in order to reproduce in the host cell: the lytic cycle and…

Q: What are the differences of replication of virus and replication of HIV?

A: Virus It is a submicroscopic infectious agent. It can replicate only inside the living cells.…

Q: Describe a drug therapy that has been used for patients infected with SARS COV2. What does it…

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to resist pathogenic organisms that can cause…

Q: Why is it essential that negative-strand viruses carry an enzymein their virions?

A: Negative-strand viruses are RNA viruses that have a negative sense genome that is single stranded…

Q: Explain what it means for a virus to become persistent or latent,and how these events are important.

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside host cells. They can infect all types…

Q: Explain how antiviral genes in your DNA get activated ? Include the names of all molecules involved…

A: The antiviral genes are the genes that generate protein which is called the antiviral protein in…

Q: briefly state the importance of each stage of viral replication. Do not just restate what each stage…

A: The process by which viruses are formed in host cells during the infection process is known as viral…

Q: Which of the following statements are correct for DNA viruses? Mark all that apply. A.The genome…

A: DNA virus have the ability to infect many different creatures, including people. Single-stranded or…

Q: A viral envelope

A:

Q: Describe the Cytopathic changes in cells and cell cultures infected by viruses.

A: Viruses are parasites that become active in their host cells only.

Q: produce a diagram of the replication of a viral genome of stranded RNA simple [+] and mRNA…

A: According to the answering guidelines, I'm going answer 1st three parts of the question. Please post…

Q: Explain why a virus is considered living or not living?

A: Virus are considered  intermediate between the living or non living. They are considered as living…

Q: After replication at the site of entry, some viruses remain localized, while others disseminate.…

A: The correct answer is: Presence of a lipid membrane on the virion.Here's why:Presence of a lipid…

Q: Explain how viral genome replication occurs with: ss(+)RNA, ss (-)RNA, dsDNA, dsRNA viruses.

A: As per our guidelines, we are supposed to answer only three subparts. Kindly repost the question…

Virus

Viruses are infectious microscopic agents that can only reproduce in live cells of animals, plants, or microbes and are smaller than bacteria. Vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists, and fungi are among their many hosts. Viruses are unable to multiply on their own due to the lack of necessary cellular machinery, but they can guide the cell machinery of a host to make additional viruses by infection. The virus enters and attaches to a particular host cell, injects its genetic material, and reproduces by using the host’s genetic material. Viruses cause infection by taking entry into the host cell and using the host cell’s enzymes and raw materials to multiply.