Complete infectious virion Viral envelope particles containing HBsAg Genomic DNA (double-stranded with partial single strand) -Envelope Нерatitis B surface antigen (HBSAG) – Nucleocapsid (viral capsid) Spherical Envelope lipid- (from host cell) EE Hepatitis Be antigen (HBEA9) Hepatitis B core antigen (НВСAg) Elongated (a) (b) FIGURE 24.19 Hepatitis B Virus Components Found in the Blood of Infected Individuals (a) Complete infectious virion also known as a Dane particle. (b) Smaller spherical and elongated envelope particles lacking DNA.

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Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.