The toco toucan, the largest member of the toucan family, possesses the largest beak relative to body size of all birds. This exaggerated feature has received various interpretations, such as being a refined adaptation for feeding. However, the large surface area may also be an important mechanism for radiating heat (and hence cooling the bird) as outdoor temperature increases. The table contains data for beak heat loss, as a percentage of total body heat loss from all sources, at various temperatures in degrees Celsius. The data show that beak heat loss is higher at higher temperatures and that the relationship is roughly linear. [Note: The numerical values in this problem have been modified for testing purposes.] Temperature (oC)(oC) Percent heat loss from b

Linear Algebra: A Modern Introduction
4th Edition
ISBN:9781285463247
Author:David Poole
Publisher:David Poole
Chapter7: Distance And Approximation
Section7.3: Least Squares Approximation
Problem 31EQ
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The toco toucan, the largest member of the toucan family, possesses the largest beak relative to body size of all birds. This exaggerated feature has received various interpretations, such as being a refined adaptation for feeding. However, the large surface area may also be an important mechanism for radiating heat (and hence cooling the bird) as outdoor temperature increases. The table contains data for beak heat loss, as a percentage of total body heat loss from all sources, at various temperatures in degrees Celsius. The data show that beak heat loss is higher at higher temperatures and that the relationship is roughly linear. [Note: The numerical values in this problem have been modified for testing purposes.]

Temperature (oC)(oC) Percent heat loss from beak
1515 3434
1616 3535
1717 3333
1818 3333
1919 3535
2020 4848
2121 5454
2222 5252
2323 4545
2424 5050
2525 4444
2626 5454
2727 5959
2828 6262
2929 6464
3030 6161
Adapted from a graph in Glenn J. Tattersall et al., "Heat exchange from the toucan bill reveals a controllable vascular thermal radiator," Science, 325 (2009), pp. 468–470.
 
© Macmillan Learning

What is the equation of the least-squares regression line for predicting beak heat loss, as a percentage of total body heat loss from all sources, from temperature? Use decimal notation. Give the values of the intercept and slope to three decimal places. Use the letter ?� to represent the value of the temperature.

?̂ =     

Use the equation of the least‑squares regression line to predict beak heat loss, as a percentage of total body heat loss from all sources, at a temperature of 25∘C.25∘C. Give your answer to one decimal place.

?̂ =�^=
 
%         

What percentage of the variation in beak heat loss is explained by the straight‑line relationship with temperature? Give your answer to two decimal places.

explained variation:           

Find the correlation ?� between beak heat loss and temperature. Give your answer to three decimal places.

 

?=�=
 
 

How do you know whether the sign of ?� is positive or negative?

 
 
 

Explain in specific language what the slope of this line says about the relationship between beak h

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