The purpose of a study was to determine the effectiveness of segmental wire fixation in athletes with spondylolysis.  Between 1993 and 2000, 20 athletes (6 women and 14 men) with lumbar spondylolysis were treated surgically with the technique.  The following table gives the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) evaluation score for lower back pain syndrome for men and women prior to the surgery.  The lower score indicates less pain.  Assume that the two populations of pain scores are normally distributed with equal variances. Gender        JOA scores Female        14, 13, 24, 21, 20, 21 Male            21, 26, 24, 24, 22, 23, 18, 24, 13, 22, 25, 23, 21, 25 What is the upper AND lower bound of a 90% confidence interval for the difference in means?  (Hint: Use Female – Male)

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The purpose of a study was to determine the effectiveness of segmental wire fixation in athletes with spondylolysis.  Between 1993 and 2000, 20 athletes (6 women and 14 men) with lumbar spondylolysis were treated surgically with the technique.  The following table gives the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) evaluation score for lower back pain syndrome for men and women prior to the surgery.  The lower score indicates less pain.  Assume that the two populations of pain scores are normally distributed with equal variances.

Gender        JOA scores
Female        14, 13, 24, 21, 20, 21
Male            21, 26, 24, 24, 22, 23, 18, 24, 13, 22, 25, 23, 21, 25

What is the upper AND lower bound of a 90% confidence interval for the difference in means?  (Hint: Use Female – Male)

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