The prisoners’ dilemma is a two-person gameillustrating thata. the cooperative outcome could be worse for bothpeople than the Nash equilibrium.b. even if the cooperative outcome is better thanthe Nash equilibrium for one person, it might beworse for the other.c. even if cooperation is better than the Nashequilibrium, each person might have an incentivenot to cooperate.d. rational, self-interested individuals will naturallyavoid the Nash equilibrium because it is worsefor both of them.

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