Consider a modified Traveler’s Dilemma. In terms of strategy options that the players have and the dollars they earn, it is like the standard Traveler’s Dilemma, but the players do not have endless appetite for money. Up to 100 dollars, each dollar feels like a dollar. But any money beyond 100 is psychologically like 100 dollars. Assuming that players are maximizers of ‘psychological’ dollars instead of real dollars, describe all the Nash equilibria of this modified Traveler’s Dilemma.
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Consider a modified Traveler’s Dilemma. In terms of strategy options that the players have and
the dollars they earn, it is like the standard Traveler’s Dilemma, but the players do not have
endless appetite for money. Up to 100 dollars, each dollar feels like a dollar. But any money
beyond 100 is psychologically like 100 dollars. Assuming that players are maximizers of
‘psychological’ dollars instead of real dollars, describe all the Nash equilibria of this modified
Traveler’s Dilemma.
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- The prisoner illustrates that rational, self-interested individuals will natuarally avoid the Nash equilibrium, because it is worse for both of them, true or false and why ?Ten commuters must decide simultaneously in the morning to use route A or route B to go from home (same place for all) to work (ditto). If a of them use route A, each of them will travel for 10a + 40 minutes; if b of them use route B, each of them will travel for 10b minutes. Everyone wishes to minimize his/her commuting time. Your tasks: Describe the pure Nash equilibrium (or Nash equilibria) of this ten-person game. Compute the corresponding profile of commuting times. Explicitly list all equilibrium conditions that are satisfied. à. b. What is the traffic pattern (strategies) minimizing the total travel time of all commuters (the sum of their travel times)? Describe the corresponding profile of commuting times (individual payoffs/cost). What does this mean about the Price of Anarchy of this game (assuming that the objective function is the total travel time)? с.In 'the dictator' game, one player (the dictator) chooses how to divide a pot of $10 between herself and another player (the recipient). The recipient does not have an opportunity to reject the proposed distribution. As such, if the dictator only cares about how much money she makes, she should keep all $10 for herself and give the recipient nothing. However, when economists conduct experiments with the dictator game, they find that dictators often offer strictly positive amounts to the recipients. Are dictators behaving irrationally in these experiments? Whether you think they are or not, your response should try to provide an explanation for the behavior.
- Consider the game with the payoffs below. Which of the possible outcomes are MORE efficient than the Nash Equilibrium (NE)? Note, they do NOT need to be Nash equilibria themselves, they just need to be more efficient than the NE. Multiple answers are possible, but not necessary. You need to check ALL correct answers for full credit. JILL High Medium LowMAGGIE Left 3,4 2,3 2,2Center 4,8 9,7 8,7Right 7,6 8,5 9,4Group of answer choices (Left, Low) There is no strategy combination that is more efficient than the Nash equilibrium for this game. (Right, Medium) (Left, High) (Center, Medium) (Center, High) (Center, Low) (Left, Medium) (Right, Low) (Right, High)Suppose players A and B play a discrete ultimatum game where A proposes to split a $5 surplus and B responds by either accepting the offer or rejecting it. The offer can only be made in $1 increments. If the offer is accepted, the players' payoffs resemble the terms of the offer while if the offer is rejected, both players get zero. Also assume that players always use the strategy that all strictly positive offers are accepted, but an offer of $0 is rejected. A. What is the solution to the game in terms of player strategies and payoffs? Explain or demonstrate your answer. B. Suppose the ultimatum game is played twice if player B rejects A's initial offer. If so, then B is allowed to make a counter offer to split the $5, and if A rejects, both players get zero dollars at the end of the second round. What is the solution to this bargaining game in terms of player strategies and payoffs? Explain/demonstrate your answer. C. Suppose the ultimatum game is played twice as in (B) but now there…So imagine you are playing this game as the second player and you are both given a 10 dollars and the dictator decides to offer you 25 cents and that she/he will keep $9.25. Your only choice is to accept the 25 cents or reject the offer and get no money at all. What would you do? What would be considered ‘rational’ from the perspective of utility maximization? What would you do if this is a continued game and the same scenario will happen multiple times not just once? Do you think others will react the same way you would?
- i. ii. QUESTION ONE A. A Nash equilibrium is a strategy profile such that every player's strategy is the best response to all the other players. It requires that each player makes a best response and that expectations regarding the play of other players are correct. Below is the table showing strategies and payoff for Player 1 and Player 2. PLAYER 1 R1 R2 R3 R4 C1 0,7 5,2 7,0 6,6 C2 2,5 3,3 2,5 2,2 PLAYER 2 C3 7,0 5,2 0,7 4,4 CA 6,6 2,2 4,4 10,4 REQUIRED; Transform the normal form game above into an imperfect extensive game form Find the Nash equilibrium for the game above using iterative deletion of strictly dominated strategies. Find the Nash equilibrium using brute force or cell by cell inspection.Consider the game of Chicken in which each player has the option to “get out of the way” and “hang tough” with payoffs: Get out of the way Hang tough Get out of the way 2,2 1,3 Hang tough 3,1 00 a. Find all pure strategy Nash equilibria, if they exist b. Let k be the probability that player 1 chooses “hang tough” and u be the probability that player two chooses “hang tough.” Find the mixed stragety Nash equilibria, if they existWrite the game below in normal form and find all Nash equilibria. C 2. Write the game below in normal form and find all Nash equilibria. जल P = 1/1535 Nature ताल P = 1/3 P1 A (3,6) P1 B P2 B C2 P2 Pz Pz (0,3) ✓ (9,0) (3,3) ✓ (0, 6) (-3,3) ✓ (9,6) Х (3,0) (-3, 12)
- In a gambling game, Player A and Player B both have a $1 and a $5 bill. Each player selects one of the bills without the other player knowing the bill selected. Simultaneously they both reveal the bills selected. If the bills do not match, Player A wins Player B's bill. If the bills match, Player B wins Player A's bill. a. Develop the game theory table for this game. The values should be expressed as the gains (or losses) for Player A. b. Is there a pure strategy? Why or why not? Determine the optimal strategies and the value of this game. Does the game favor one player over the other? d. Suppose Player B decides to deviate from the optimal strategy and begins playing each bill 50% of the time. What should Player A do to improve Player A’s winnings? Comment on why it is important to follow an optimal game theory strategy. с.In Las Vegas, roulette is played on a wheel with 38 slots, of which 18 are black, 18 are red, and 2 are green (zero and double-zero). Your friend impulsively takes all $361 out of his pocket and bets it on black, which pays 1 for 1. This means that if the ball lands on one of the 18 black slots, he ends up with $722, and if it doesn't, he ends up with nothing. Once the croupier releases the ball, your friend panics; it turns out that the $361 he bet was literally all the money he has. While he is risk-averse - his utility function is u(x) =, where x is his roulette payoff - you are effectively risk neutral over such small stakes. a. When the ball is still spinning, what is the expected profit for the casino? b. When the ball is still spinning, what is the expected value of your friend's wealth? c. When the ball is still spinning, what is your friend's certainty equivalent (i.e., how much money would he accept with certainty to walk away from his bet). Say you propose the following…Consider the game below for Player 1 and Player 2. For each cell in the game table, explain why or why not that cell (and its associated strategies) can or cannot be a Nash equilibrium. Given your answer, determine the Nash equilibrium/equilibria and Nash equilibrium outcome(s), if it exists.