The overhead required to read an entry in a page table (including the time to access TIB) is 60 nanoseconds. To reduce this overhead, the computer has a TIB that can hold 16 entries and be accessed in 10 nanoseconds. a) Let B = TLB lookup time, T - memory cycle time, and p = hit ratio. Find a formula that expresses the effective access time. b) What hit ratio is needed to reduce the effective access time to 70 nanoseconds?

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