The osmolarity of plasma is maintained at about 300 mOsM. What would the osmolarity inside a red blood cell need to be to maintain osmotic equilibrium between the intracellular fluid and plasma? Give one specific reason why it is important to maintain plasma omolarity within a narrow range of values
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The osmolarity of plasma is maintained at about 300 mOsM. What would the osmolarity inside a red blood cell need to be to maintain osmotic equilibrium between the intracellular fluid and plasma?
Give one specific reason why it is important to maintain plasma omolarity within a narrow range of values.
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- One of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma membranes. Ions move under the influence of two forces: the concentration gradient (given in electrical units by the Nernst equation) and the electrical gradient (given by the membrane voltage). This is summarized by Ohms law: Ix=Gx(VmEx) which describes the movement of ion x across the membrane. I is the current in amperes (A); G is the conductance, a measure of the permeability of x, in Siemens (S), which is I/V;Vm is the membrane voltage; and Ex is the equilibrium potential of ion x. Not only does this equation tell how large the current is, but it also tells what direction the current is flowing. By convention, a negative value of the current represents either a positive ion entering the cell or a negative ion leaving the cell. The opposite is true of a positive value of the current. a. Using the following information, calculate the magnitude of Na [ Na+ ]0=145mM,[ Na+ ]i=15mM,Gna+=1nS,Vm=70mV b. Is Na+ entering or leaving the cell? c. Is Na+ moving with or against the concentration gradient? Is it moving with or against the electrical gradient?The osmolarity of plasma is maintained at about 300 mOsM. What would the osmolarity inside a red blood cell need to be to maintain osmotic equilibrium between the intracellular fluid and plasma?Blood volume must be restored in a person who has lost large amounts of blood due to serious injury. This is often accomplished by infusing isotonic NaCl solution into the blood. Why is this more effective than infusing an isoosmotic solution of a penetrating solute, such as urea?
- Give one reason why it is important to maintain plasma osmolarity within a narrow range of values? What are major factors that determine blood osmolality? The osmolality of 0.9% NaCl is ___________. How is the osmolality different from the molarity? Also, predict the effect of 1 L of 600 mOsm/L infusion of sucrose on patients RBC’s osmolality and volume, if previous osmolality of RBC’s was 250 mOsm/L, plasma volume – 3.6 L and RBC’s volume – 2.4 L.Transport of biomolecules to tissues takes place through capillary walls by both convection and diffusion. Consider an endothelium in which the gaps between the cells are characterized by the following dimensions: L=1 µm long, h=200 nm high, and W=10 nm in width (the last dimension is the distance between the two cells). The fluid is at 37degC and has the same properties as physiologic saline. Let the average pressure in the capillary be 45 mm Hg and let the pressure in the tissue be 0 mm Hg (ignore osmotic effects). Consider a small solute that has a diffusion coefficient of 1x10-5 cm2/s. Does this solute pass across the endothelium by diffusion or is it primarily carried by flow?
- You have a solution of 0.30 M glycerin. Glycerin is a lipid molecule and penetrates through the cell membrane. If you place red blood cells into this solution predict what would happen to the red blood cells (stay same, crenated, lysed). Determine: 1. the osmolarity of 0.30 M glycerin 2. apperance/effect on RBC 3. tonicityThe membrane separating compartments A and B of the following chamber is permeable to Cl- ions (gCl = 5) but impermeable to water and K+. The initial concentrations of KCl in compartments A and B, before diffusion has occurred, are presented below. Use this information to answer questions 9-12. Note: Whenever necessary, consider compartment A as the ICF and compartment B as the ECF. KCl = 10 mM A KCl = 150 mM B 9. After equilibrium, the potential of compartment A will be _____mV (include polarity) compared to a reference of 0 mV. Consider compartment B as the outside. A) -70 mV B) 70 mV C) -90 mV D) 90 mV 10. At equilibrium, the flux of Cl- from compartment A to compartment B will be ______ the flux of Cl- from compartment B to compartment A. A) equal to B) less than C) more than 11. Increasing the concentration of [Cl-] in compartment B from 150 mM to 200 mM will ______________. A) make ECl more positive B) make EK more negative C) make ECl more negative D) not change the value of ECl…if the osmolarity of plasma increases what would happen to the size of a red blood cell? Would it increase or decrease?
- Blood plasma has an osmolarity of about Group of answer choices: 100 mOsm/L. 900 mOsm/L. 1200 mOsm/L. 300 mOsm/L. 30 mOsm/L.The tonicity of blood plasma is 0.9% NaCl (equivalent to 99.1% water and 0.9% solutes.) What is the tonicity (express as a %) of red blood cells suspended in that plasma? How would you describe this tonicity (hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic)? NOsmotic experiment is done using equivalent dilutions of 2% urea. Note the erythrocyte membrane permeability constants (P) for urea, sodium (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-) are 152, 0.25 and 0.1 x 10-4 cm.s-1, respectively. Select all of the following which apply. The permeability constants indicate that red blood cell membranes are much more permeable to urea, thus urea will enter the cells (a permeating solute) and exerts an osmotic effect with water leaving the cells. 1% NaCl is equivalent to 2% urea, because NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl-, thus resulting in a solution of the same osmolarity as the 2% urea, which does not dissociate. The permeability constants indicate that red blood cell membranes are much more permeable to urea, thus urea will enter the cells (a permeating solute) and does not exert an osmotic effect. The permeability constants indicate that red blood cell membranes are much less permeable to urea, thus urea will not enter the cells (a…