The Na"/glucose symport transports glucose from the lumen of the small in-testine into cells lining the lumen. Transport of 1 glucose molecule is directlycoupled to the transport of 1 Na* ion into the cell.1 Na"out + 1 glucose,ut→1 Na¨m+1 glucose.Assume the following conditions at 37 °C: [Na"Jm = 12 mM, [Na"Jout =145mM, [glucose]out =28 µM, and A =-72 mV (inside negative).(a) What is AG for transport of Na* from outside to inside under theseconditions?(b) What is the upper limit for [glucose], under these conditions?(c) Which of the two hypothetical symports shown below (A or B) wouldachieve the highest concentration of [glucose]n under the conditionsdescribed above? Briefly explain your choice.A: 1 Na"out +2 glucoseut + 1 Na" in +2 glucosenB: 2 Na1+1 glucoseut → 2 Na in +1 glucosenout

Given, Temperature =37° C[Na+]in =12 mM[Na+]out = 145 mM[glucose]out =28 μM∆ψ=-72 mV

Answered: The Na"/glucose symport transports…

Curren'S Math For Meds: Dosages & Sol

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305143531

Author:CURREN

Publisher:CURREN

Chapter10: Reconstitution Of Powdered Drugs

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Figure 37.5 Heat shock proteins (HSP) are so named because they help refold misfolded proteins. In response to increased temperature (a “heat shock"), heat shock proteins are activated by release from the NR/HSP complex. At the same time, transcription of HSP genes is activated. Why do you think the cell responds to a heat shock by increasing the activity of proteins that help refold misfolded proteins?
One of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma membranes. Ions move under the influence of two forces: the concentration gradient (given in electrical units by the Nernst equation) and the electrical gradient (given by the membrane voltage). This is summarized by Ohms law: Ix=Gx(VmEx) which describes the movement of ion x across the membrane. I is the current in amperes (A); G is the conductance, a measure of the permeability of x, in Siemens (S), which is I/V;Vm is the membrane voltage; and Ex is the equilibrium potential of ion x. Not only does this equation tell how large the current is, but it also tells what direction the current is flowing. By convention, a negative value of the current represents either a positive ion entering the cell or a negative ion leaving the cell. The opposite is true of a positive value of the current. a. Using the following information, calculate the magnitude of Na [ Na+ ]0=145mM,[ Na+ ]i=15mM,Gna+=1nS,Vm=70mV b. Is Na+ entering or leaving the cell? c. Is Na+ moving with or against the concentration gradient? Is it moving with or against the electrical gradient?
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