The lung was the first air breathing organ (ABO) that evolved in ancient fishes, but after fish evolved the swim bladder to aid in controlling buoyancy, this latter organ was often converted into an ABO when fish were faced with positive selection for air breathing. So much so, that in groups of fish that evolved before 150 MYA, this is the only type of ABO found. However, air breathing evolved many more times in more recent groups of fishes, but interestingly, now the swim bladder is NEVER used as an ABO and instead all sorts of different body parts are used (e.g. mouth, stomach, intestine).Why did the original swim bladder make such a good target for evolution to turn it into an ABO?What happened in modern fishes to change this?A new device is on the market that senses pulmonary interstitial fluid pressure (around the lung cells) in patients and relates that information to the patient’s health care provider. The focal patient of the article I read about it has congestive left heart failure and before having the device implanted had been hospitalized by ambulance 15 times in two years (think $$). After having the device implanted, he hasn’t been hospitalized once (2.5 years), but the device has gone off 10 times resulting in calls to the patient to go to the pharmacy where a new prescription was awaiting him (think far less $$).Why might gradually dying off left ventricular myocytes cause a change in pulmonary fluid pressure and which direction do you think it would change?What were the likely symptoms that drove the patient to the hospital before he had the device implanted?

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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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The lung was the first air breathing organ (ABO) that evolved in ancient fishes, but after fish evolved the swim bladder to aid in controlling buoyancy, this latter organ was often converted into an ABO when fish were faced with positive selection for air breathing. So much so, that in groups of fish that evolved before 150 MYA, this is the only type of ABO found. However, air breathing evolved many more times in more recent groups of fishes, but interestingly, now the swim bladder is NEVER used as an ABO and instead all sorts of different body parts are used (e.g. mouth, stomach, intestine).
1. Why did the original swim bladder make such a good target for evolution to turn it into an ABO?
2. What happened in modern fishes to change this?
A new device is on the market that senses pulmonary interstitial fluid pressure (around the lung cells) in patients and relates that information to the patient’s health care provider. The focal patient of the article I read about it has congestive left heart failure and before having the device implanted had been hospitalized by ambulance 15 times in two years (think $$). After having the device implanted, he hasn’t been hospitalized once (2.5 years), but the device has gone off 10 times resulting in calls to the patient to go to the pharmacy where a new prescription was awaiting him (think far less $$).
1. Why might gradually dying off left ventricular myocytes cause a change in pulmonary fluid pressure and which direction do you think it would change?
2. What were the likely symptoms that drove the patient to the hospital before he had the device implanted?

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