Some anthropologists have argued that a key stage in human brain evolution was access to aquatic food sources that were rich in certain fatty acids and sodium. However, others have countered that many nutrients are enriched in human diets and it is possible that different nutrients, like iodine, may be just as likely to be the causal driver. Indeed, it is possible that our love of salt evolved because salty things often have higher iodine (e.g., seaweed). These ideas are most consistent with which hypothesis in optimal foraging theory? Feeding behavior sometimes has more to do with micronutrient availability The evolution of foraging behavior is driven by selection to maximize calorie intake Animals will feed on unexpected food items to protect against pathogens and parasites The evolution of diet breadth is driven by resource distribution Many human cultures have “bitters” – alcoholic beverages that have been steeped in plant parts, sometimes from 30+ different species! Some have suggested these drinks have medicinal properties and that human consumption of them is an example of self-medication. Which of the following pieces of evidence would bolster this claim? Individuals that consume more bitters have lower levels of intestinal parasites In a treatment group asked to drink bitters, participants had more beneficial gut microbes relative to the control group when assayed one week later The plant compounds in bitters increases the expression of stress-response pathways that have a wide range of physiological benefits All of the above Some moths feed on a wide range of plant species as caterpillars. In one species (Spodoptera littoralis), the egg-laying choices of adult females is determined by their feeding experience as caterpillars. This is an example of what phenomenon in habitat choice? Use of social information Natal habitat preference induction Ecological trap Evolutionary match

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Some anthropologists have argued that a key stage in human brain evolution was access to aquatic food sources that were rich in certain fatty acids and sodium. However, others have countered that many nutrients are enriched in human diets and it is possible that different nutrients, like iodine, may be just as likely to be the causal driver. Indeed, it is possible that our love of salt evolved because salty things often have higher iodine (e.g., seaweed). These ideas are most consistent with which hypothesis in optimal foraging theory?
1. Feeding behavior sometimes has more to do with micronutrient availability
2. The evolution of foraging behavior is driven by selection to maximize calorie intake
3. Animals will feed on unexpected food items to protect against pathogens and parasites
4. The evolution of diet breadth is driven by resource distribution
Many human cultures have “bitters” – alcoholic beverages that have been steeped in plant parts, sometimes from 30+ different species! Some have suggested these drinks have medicinal properties and that human consumption of them is an example of self-medication. Which of the following pieces of evidence would bolster this claim?
1. Individuals that consume more bitters have lower levels of intestinal parasites
2. In a treatment group asked to drink bitters, participants had more beneficial gut microbes relative to the control group when assayed one week later
3. The plant compounds in bitters increases the expression of stress-response pathways that have a wide range of physiological benefits
4. All of the above
Some moths feed on a wide range of plant species as caterpillars. In one species (Spodoptera littoralis), the egg-laying choices of adult females is determined by their feeding experience as caterpillars. This is an example of what phenomenon in habitat choice?
1. Use of social information
2. Natal habitat preference induction
3. Ecological trap
4. Evolutionary match

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

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