The legend from figure 1 includes all of thefollowing information EXCEPT: a. the errorbars represent the standard error b. thenumber of replicates (n) c. a briefexplanation of the experiment design d.which pH level caused the greatest delayin egg layingegg laying time (h)56-54-52-50-5554 543.133.334.33535.33526.33537.3353.7 548.339.3353.310.335411.33pHFIGURE 1 | Egg layingtime in different pH environments. Thirty-five newlyhatched L1 were cultured at specific pH medium. The earliest observed egglaying time on each plate was recorded. Error bars represent the standarderror from three replicated experiments.

Figure 1 depicts the relationship between egg laying time and different pH levels, offering crucial…

Answered: The legend from figure 1 includes all…

Understanding Health Insurance: A Guide to Billing and Reimbursement

14th Edition

ISBN:9781337679480

Author:GREEN

Publisher:GREEN

Chapter12: Commercial Insurance

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4R

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Ideally, an experimental group differs from a control group (a) only with respect to the hypothesis being tested (b) because its subjects are more reliable (c) in that it is less subject to bias (d) in that it is less vulnerable to sampling error (e) only with respect to the variable being studied
In the reproductive cloning of an animal, the genome of the cloned individual comes from ________ a. a sperm cell b. an egg cell c. any gamete cell d. a body cell
A control group is __________. a. a set of individuals that have a certain characteristics or receive a certain treatment b. the standard against which an experimental group is compared c. the experiment that gives conclusive results
What is the most challenging issue facing genome sequencing? a. the inability to develop fast and accurate sequencing techniques b. the ethics of using information from genomes at the individual level c. the availability and stability of DNA d. all of the above
Put the following tasks in the order they would occur during a DNA cloning experiment. a. using DNA ligase to seal DNA fragments into vectors b. using a probe to identify a clone in the library c. sequencing the DNA of the clone d. making a DNA library of clones e. cutting genomic DNA with restriction enzymes
Identify a possible advantage and a possible disadvantage of a genetic test that would identify genes in individuals that increase their probability of having Alzheimer’s disease later in life.
Genetics in Practice case studies are critical-thinking exercises that allow you to apply your new knowledge of human genetics to real-life problems. Case study Michelle was a 42-year-old woman who had declined counselling and amniocentesis at 16 weeks of pregnancy but was referred for genetic counseling after an abnormal ultrasound at 20 weeks of gestation. After the ultrasound, a number of findings suggested a possible chromosome abnormality in the fetus. The ultrasound showed swelling under the skin at the back of the fetuss neck; shortness of the femur, humerus, and ear length; and underdevelopment of the middle section of the fifth finger. Michelles physician performed an amniocentesis and referred her to the genetics program. Michelle and her husband did not want genetic counseling before receiving the results of the cytogenetic analysis. This was Michelles third pregnancy; she and her husband, Mike, had a 6-year-old daughter and a 3-year-old son. At their next session, the counselor informed the couple that the results revealed trisomy 21, explored their understanding of Down syndrome, and elicited their experiences with people with disabilities. She also reviewed the clinical concerns revealed by the ultrasound and associated anomalies (mild to severe intellectual disability, cardiac defects, and kidney problems). The options available to the couple were outlined. They were provided with a booklet written for parents making choices after the prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome. After a week of careful deliberation with their family, friends, and clergy, they elected to terminate the pregnancy. Should physicians discourage a 42-year-old woman from having children because of an increased chance of a chromosomal abnormality?
Two genes associated with breast cancer, BRCA1 and BRCA2, were discovered in 1994 and 1995, respectively, and shortly thereafter, were patented by Myriad Genetics, a company based in Utah. Under the patents, testing for mutations in these genes could only be performed by Myriad, at costs from 300 to 3,000. Myriad also patented the process of analyzing the results of such tests, preventing anyone who obtains the sequence of their BRCA genes by other means (which itself would probably be patent infringement) from interpreting the information. The idea that genes can be patented has been a contentious issue from the beginning. Patents are not granted for products of nature, meaning that genes inside the body are not patentable, but biotech companies successfully argued that by removing a gene from the human body, purifying it, and then obtaining its DNA sequence, they created something not found in nature, and which is therefore a patentable invention. The U.S. Patent Office found the argument persuasive, but opponents argue that genes are parts of our bodies and can be identified but not invented. Biotech companies argue that without the protection offered by patents, they would have no incentive for research and development of diagnostic tests. In Europe, patents for BRCA1 and BRCA2 were revoked in 2004 because they did not meet the standards for a patent. After more than a decade of legal disputes, the patents were partially restored in 2008 on a very restricted basis. In the United States, a lawsuit, focused on the patents for the BRCA genes, was filed in May 2009. The suit challenges the basic idea that genes are patentable. In November 2009, the judge ruled that the lawsuit can proceed, and the case is moving forward. In March 2010, a federal court invalidated Myriad Genetics patent on these genes. In August 2011, the U.S. Court of Appeals reversed the lower courts decision and ruled that gene sequences isolated from cells are not a product of nature and are therefore patentable. The case went to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ordered the appeals court to reconsider the case. The Federal Appeals Court did not change its decision, and the case once again, went to the U.S. Supreme Court. A unanimous decision in June 2013 invalidated Myriads patents on the basis that isolating a gene from nature does not make it patentable. This is a landmark decision on gene patenting with widespread ramifications for the biotechnoloogy industry. Will this decision reduce the incentives for companies to invest in new diagnostic tests that would be used by cancer victims or those with serious genetic disorders?
What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)? a. a plant with certain genes removed b. an organism with an artificially altered genome c. a hybrid organism d. any agricultural organism produced by breeding or biotechnology
A set of cells that host various DNA fragments collectively representing an organisms entire set of genetic information is called a _______ . a. genome c. genomic library b. clone d. GMO
What Are Clones? Cloning is a general term used for whole organisms and DNA sequences. Define what we mean when we say we have a clone.
Do you think the way this issue was handled should be a model for future situations involving potential dangers that might arise from research methods or results?

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The legend from figure 1 includes all of the following information EXCEPT: a. the error bars represent the standard error b. the number of replicates (n) c. a brief explanation of the experiment design d. which pH level caused the greatest delay in egg laying