The initial rates for the following two elimination reactions were measured under different 9. concentrations of the electrophiles and bases (H2O in the top reaction, KOCH2CH3 in the bottom reaction; all data is presented in the two tables. For each reaction, top and bottom, does the data suggest an El or E2 reaction pathway (rates are all 10* units)? Explain. Write the rate equations for each reaction. Trial Number [R-OCH1 (H01 Rate (M/s) 0.010 M 0.45 M 9.50 x 10- 1 HO 0.020 M 0.45 M 1.85 x 10 3 CH,CN, OCH, 0.22 M 1.85 x 10- 3 0.020 M Trial Number IR-Br] TKOCH CHal Rate (M/s) 1.0 M 1.0 M 2.35 x 10 1 2 0.50 M 0.50 M 5.9 x 10 + KOCH,CH, CH,CH,OH 0.50 M 1.0 M 1.20 x 106
Reactions of Ethers
Ethers (R-O-R’) are compounds formed by replacing hydrogen atoms of an alcohol (R-OH compound) or a phenol (C6H5OH) by an aryl/ acyl group (functional group after removing single hydrogen from an aromatic ring). In this section, reaction, preparation and behavior of ethers are discussed in the context of organic chemistry.
Epoxides
Epoxides are a special class of cyclic ethers which are an important functional group in organic chemistry and generate reactive centers due to their unusual high reactivity. Due to their high reactivity, epoxides are considered to be toxic and mutagenic.
Williamson Ether Synthesis
An organic reaction in which an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol forms ether is known as Williamson ether synthesis. Alexander Williamson developed the Williamson ether synthesis in 1850. The formation of ether in this synthesis is an SN2 reaction.
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