The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae produces a protein, cholera toxin (Mr 90,000), that is responsible for the characteristic symptoms of cholera: extensive loss of body water and Na+ through continuous, debilitating diarrhea. If body fluids and Na+ are not replaced, severedehydration results; untreated, the disease is often fatal. When the cholera toxin gains access to the human intestinal tract, it binds tightly to specific sites in the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells lining the small intestine, causing adenylyl cyclase to undergo prolonged activation (hours or days).(a) What is the effect of cholera toxin on [cAMP] in the intestinal cells?(b) Based on the information above, suggest how cAMP normally functions in intestinal epithelial cells.(c) Suggest a possible treatment for cholera.
The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae produces a protein, cholera toxin (Mr 90,000), that is responsible for the characteristic symptoms of cholera: extensive loss of body water and Na+ through continuous, debilitating diarrhea. If body fluids and Na+ are not replaced, severedehydration results; untreated, the disease is often fatal. When the cholera toxin gains access to the human intestinal tract, it binds tightly to specific sites in the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells lining the small intestine, causing adenylyl cyclase to undergo prolonged activation (hours or days).(a) What is the effect of cholera toxin on [cAMP] in the intestinal cells?(b) Based on the information above, suggest how cAMP normally functions in intestinal epithelial cells.(c) Suggest a possible treatment for cholera.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae produces a protein, cholera toxin (Mr 90,000), that is responsible for the characteristic symptoms of cholera: extensive loss of body water and Na+ through continuous, debilitating diarrhea. If body fluids and Na+ are not replaced, severe
dehydration results; untreated, the disease is often fatal. When the cholera toxin gains access to the human intestinal tract, it binds tightly to specific sites in the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells lining the small intestine, causing adenylyl cyclase to undergo prolonged activation (hours or days).
(a) What is the effect of cholera toxin on [cAMP] in the intestinal cells?
(b) Based on the information above, suggest how cAMP normally functions in intestinal epithelial cells.
(c) Suggest a possible treatment for cholera.
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