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The following event is shown to occur in the figure below illustrating the operation of TCP Reno. For the following prompt, clearly state where it occurs and how we can identify where this event occurs based on the shape of the graph or changes to the congestion window size. a.) TCP slow start.

The following event is shown to occur in the figure below illustrating the operation of TCP Reno. For the following prompt, clearly state where it occurs and how we can identify where this event occurs based on the shape of the graph or changes to the congestion window size. a.) TCP slow start.

Database System Concepts
Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
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  • The following event is shown to occur in the figure below illustrating the operation of TCP Reno. For the following prompt, clearly state where it occurs and how we can identify where this event occurs based on the shape of the graph or changes to the congestion window size.
  • a.) TCP slow start.
**Understanding TCP Congestion Control Mechanisms** The graph displayed represents a fundamental concept in network traffic management known as the TCP Congestion Control mechanism. It specifically illustrates the evolution of the congestion window size across multiple transmission rounds. **Description of the Graph:** - **X-Axis (Horizontal Axis):** This axis represents the transmission rounds, indicated by numbers ranging from 0 to 26. - **Y-Axis (Vertical Axis):** This axis measures the congestion window size in segments, scaling from 0 to 45 segments. ### Key Observations: 1. **Initial Slow Start Phase:** - The congestion window size starts at a very low value, close to zero. - Around the 0 to 7 transmission rounds, there is a steep exponential growth. This is characteristic of the ‘slow start’ phase where the window size increases rapidly. 2. **Congestion Avoidance Phase:** - From approximately the 7th transmission round to the 15th round, the congestion window size grows more linearly, demonstrating the transition to the 'congestion avoidance' phase where growth is more gradual. - During this phase, the window size stabilizes around 35-40 segments. 3. **Congestion Detection and Reduction:** - After the 16th transmission round, there's a significant drop in the congestion window size. This sharp decline represents the detection of congestion in the network and subsequent window reduction. - The window size reduces drastically but starts to increase again in a controlled manner post the drop. 4. **Recovery and Subsequent Rounds:** - Post the initial recovery, from around 18th to 21nd round, there's another controlled growth in window size, but with another sudden drop suggesting repeated detection of congestion. - Between the 21st and 24th rounds, a similar pattern of controlled growth followed by reduction can be observed. - Finally, towards the 26th transmission round, the congestion window size starts to rise again, indicating recovery. ### Conclusion: The graph showcases the dynamics of TCP congestion control where the increase, plateau, and sudden drops in the congestion window size illustrate the mechanisms of slow start, congestion avoidance, detection, and control. Understanding these patterns is critical for mastering the concept of TCP traffic management and ensuring reliable data transmission over networks.
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding TCP Congestion Control Mechanisms** The graph displayed represents a fundamental concept in network traffic management known as the TCP Congestion Control mechanism. It specifically illustrates the evolution of the congestion window size across multiple transmission rounds. **Description of the Graph:** - **X-Axis (Horizontal Axis):** This axis represents the transmission rounds, indicated by numbers ranging from 0 to 26. - **Y-Axis (Vertical Axis):** This axis measures the congestion window size in segments, scaling from 0 to 45 segments. ### Key Observations: 1. **Initial Slow Start Phase:** - The congestion window size starts at a very low value, close to zero. - Around the 0 to 7 transmission rounds, there is a steep exponential growth. This is characteristic of the ‘slow start’ phase where the window size increases rapidly. 2. **Congestion Avoidance Phase:** - From approximately the 7th transmission round to the 15th round, the congestion window size grows more linearly, demonstrating the transition to the 'congestion avoidance' phase where growth is more gradual. - During this phase, the window size stabilizes around 35-40 segments. 3. **Congestion Detection and Reduction:** - After the 16th transmission round, there's a significant drop in the congestion window size. This sharp decline represents the detection of congestion in the network and subsequent window reduction. - The window size reduces drastically but starts to increase again in a controlled manner post the drop. 4. **Recovery and Subsequent Rounds:** - Post the initial recovery, from around 18th to 21nd round, there's another controlled growth in window size, but with another sudden drop suggesting repeated detection of congestion. - Between the 21st and 24th rounds, a similar pattern of controlled growth followed by reduction can be observed. - Finally, towards the 26th transmission round, the congestion window size starts to rise again, indicating recovery. ### Conclusion: The graph showcases the dynamics of TCP congestion control where the increase, plateau, and sudden drops in the congestion window size illustrate the mechanisms of slow start, congestion avoidance, detection, and control. Understanding these patterns is critical for mastering the concept of TCP traffic management and ensuring reliable data transmission over networks.
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