The following data represent the population of a country. An ecologist is interested in building a model that describes the population. Population, y 76,200,000 92,200,000 106,000,000 123,200,000 132,200,000 151,300,000 179,300,000 203,300,000 226,500,000 248,700,000 281,400,000 Year, x 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
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- Suppose a researcher believes that the occurrence of natural disasters such as earthquakes leads to increased activity in the construction industry. he decides to collect province-level data on employment in the construction industry of an earthquake-prone country, like Japan, and regress this variable on an indicator variable that equals 1 if an earthquake took place in that province in the last five years. a. Should the researcher include province fixed effects in order to control for location specific characteristics of the labor market? b. What can the researcher to control for the location effects?A healthcare provider notices an outbreak of foodborne illness among individuals who attended a holiday cookout. Which study type would be most beneficial in identifying the source of the outbreak?Q.3 Data are available for 201 countries on five denmographic and economic characteristics: the rate of population growth (popgrwth), GDP per capita in US dollars (gdpcap), births per 1000 persons/year (birthrate), proportion of workforce employed in agriculture (agriculture) and the rate of literacy (literacy). A Principal Component Analysis is to be done out to look for interesting structure in this data. Required: a) Why is it a good idea to first scale the data? b) The Figure1 below is a scatter plot of the first two principal components of the scaled data. country 2 1st Principal Component Figure 1 a) Do you think there is correlation between the first and second principal components? Justify your answer. Describe the interesting features of the Figure1. b) c) Describe in a sentence or two the main differences between supervised and unsupervised learning. 2nd Principal Component 2 3
- The dataset below was collected from a survey to determine whether CFT development in the island can be used as a strategy for the sustainable management and utilization of the fishery and aquatic resources in small islands. It shows the monthly income (in thousand pesos) estimated by 200 randomly selected fishers in Guimaras according to the type of fishers (i.e., the income source of fishers is solely fishing or they have alternative/supplemental livelihood such as island hopping services, sari-sari store ownership, fish value adding and/or vending, souvenir selling, carpentry, as construction worker, farming and tour guiding) and their perceived benefit from CFT development in the island. From this dataset and using = 0.05, is there a significant difference in estimated monthly income due tofisher type? How about due to the CFT perceived benefit? How about due to the interaction between fishertype and the perceived CFT benefit?a. Analyze manually and assume that the…A wood products firm uses leftover time at the end of each week to make goods for stock. Currently, there are two products on the list of items that are produced for stock: a chopping board and a knife holder. Both items require three operations: cutting, gluing, and finishing. The manager of the firm has collected the following data on these products: ------------------------------------------------------- Time per unit (minutes) Profit ---------------------------- Item per unit Cutting Gluing Finishing ------------------------------------------------------- Chopping board $ 4 1.4 5 12 Knife holder $ 6 1.8 13 3 ------------------------------------------------------- The manager has also determined that during each week 120 minutes are available for cutting, 650 minutes are available for gluing, and 360…Please use the accompanying Excel data set or accompanying Text file data set when completing the following exercise. An article in Urban Ecosystems, "Urbanization and Warming of Phoenix (Arizona, USA): Impacts, Feedbacks and Mitigation" (2002, Vol. 6, pp. 183-203), mentions that Phoenix is ideal to study the effects of an urban heat island because it has grown from a population of 300,000 to approximately 3 million over the last 50 years and this is a period with a continuous, detailed climate record. The 50-year averages of the mean annual temperatures at eight sites in Phoenix are shown below. Check the assumption of normality in the population with a probability plot. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the standard deviation over the sites of the mean annual temperatures. Site Sky Harbor Airport 23.3 Phoenix Greenway 21.7 Phoenix Encanto 21.6 Waddell Litchfield Laveen Average Mean Temperature (°C) Maricopa Harlquahala i 21.7 21.3 20.7 20.9 20.1 Round the answers to three…
- The Journal of Engineering in Industry (Aug. 1993) reported on an automated system designed to replace the cutting tool of a drilling machine at optimum times. To test the system, data were collected over a broad range of materials, drill sizes, drill speeds, and feed rates – called machining conditions. Although a total of 168 different machining conditions were possible, only eight were employed in this study. These are described below: Experiment Workpiece Drill Size (in.) 25 25 Drill Speed (грт) 1250 1800 Feed Rate Material (ipr) .011 .005 1 Cast Iron Cast Iron Steel Steel 25 25 3750 2500 .003 .003 .008 4 Steel 25 .125 .125 2500 Steel Steel 4000 4000 3000 .0065 .009 .010 Steel .125 a. Suppose one (and only one) of the 168 possible machining conditions will detect a flaw in the system. What is the probability that the experiment conducted in the study will detect the system flaw? b. Suppose the system flaw occurs when drilling steel material with a 25-inch drill size at a speed of…This problem does not require the use of data mining software and focuses on knowledge of concepts and basic calculations. Jay Gatsby categorizes wines into one of three clusters. The centroids of these clusters, describing the average characteristics of a wine in each cluster, are listed in the following table. Cluster 1 Characteristic Alcohol Malic Acid Ash Alkalinity Magnesium Phenols Flavonoids Color Intensity Hue 0.819 -0.329 0.248 Dilution Proline -0.677 0.643 Nonflavonoids Proanthocyanidins 0.619 0.135 0.825 0.896 -0.595 0.497 0.744 1.117 Cluster 2 0.164 0.869 0.186 0.523 -0.075 0.977 -1.212 0.724 -0.778 0.939 -1.162 -1.289 -0.406 Cluster 3 -0.937 -0.368 -0.393 0.249 -0.573 -0.034 0.083 0.009 0.010 -0.881 0.437 0.295 -0.776Please use the accompanying Excel data set or accompanying Text file data set when completing the following exercise. An article in Urban Ecosystems, "Urbanization and Warming of Phoenix (Arizona, USA): Impacts, Feedbacks and Mitigation" (2002, Vol. 6, pp. 183–203), mentions that Phoenix is ideal to study the effects of an urban heat island because it has grown from a population of 300,000 to approximately 3 million over the last 50 years and this is a period with a continuous, detailed climate record. The 50-year averages of the mean annual temperatures at eight sites in Phoenix are shown below. Check the assumption of normality in the population with a probability plot. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the standard deviation over the sites of the mean annual temperatures. Site Sky Harbor Airport 23.3 Average Mean Temperature (°C) Phoenix Greenway 21.7 Phoenix Encanto Waddell 21.6 21.7
- Paint lifetime: A paint company collected data on the lifetime (in years) of its paint in eleven United States cities. The data are in the following table. Average annual Precipitation (inches) 48.6 43.8 29.3 26.4 City Atlanta, GA Boston, MA Kansas City, KS Minneapolis, MN Dallas, TX Denver, CO Miami, FL Phoenix, AZ San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA Send data to Excel Paint Lifetime Part 1 of 2 11.5 11.7 12.3 10.5 11.2 15.2 8.7 11.1 16.7 Average January Temperature 41.9 29.6 28.4 11.2 45.0 29.5 67.1 52.3 48.5 40.6 Average July Temperature 78.6 73.5 80.9 73.1 86,3 73.3 82.4 92.3 62.2 65.3 34.2 15.3 57.5 7.1 19.7 38.9 In Cheyenne, Wyoming, the average January temperature is 26.1, the average July temperature is 68.9, and the average annual precipitation is 13.3. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the paint lifetime. Round your answers to at least two decimal places.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office on Smoking and Health (OSH) is the lead federal agency responsible for comprehensive tobacco prevention and control. OSH was established in 1965 to reduce the death and disease caused by tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke. One of the many responsibilities of the OSH is to collect data on tobacco use. The following data show the percentage of U.S. adults who were users of tobacco for a recent 11-year period (http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/tables/trends/cig_smoking/index.htm). Year Percentage of Adults Who Smoke 1 23 2 21.6 3 20.9 4 20.2 5 20.2 6 19 7 19.3 8 20.4 9 20.4 10 19.5 11 18.9 Based on the above information: Use simple linear regression analysis to find the parameters for the line that minimizes MSE for this time series. Do not round your interim computations and round your final answers to three decimal places. For subtractive…The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office on Smoking and Health (OSH) is the lead federal agency responsible for comprehensive tobacco prevention and control. OSH was established in 1965 to reduce the death and disease caused by tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke. One of the many responsibilities of the OSH is to collect data on tobacco use. The following data show the percentage of U.S. adults who were users of tobacco for a recent 11-year period (http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/tables/trends/cig_smoking/index.htm). Year Percentage of Adults Who Smoke 1 22.7 2 21.2 3 21.1 4 20.5 5 20.5 6 20.1 7 19.4 8 20.7 9 20.7 10 19.3 11 18.6