The Journal of Engineering in Industry (Aug. 1993) reported on an automated system designed to replace the cutting tool of a drilling machine at optimum times. To test the system, data were collected over a broad range of materials, drill sizes, drill speeds, and feed rates – called machining conditions. Although a total of 168 different machining conditions were possible, only eight were employed in this study. These are described below: Workpiece Material Cast Iron Drill Speed (gpm) 1250 1800 3750 Еxperiment Drill Size (in.) .25 25 Feed Rate (ipr) .011 .005 1 2 3 4 Cast Iron Steel Steel 25 25 .003 .003 2500 5 Steel 25 2500 .008 .0065 .009 .010 6. Steel Steel .125 .125 4000 4000 7. Steel .125 3000 a Suppose one (and only one) of the 168 possible machining conditions will detect a flaw in the system. What is the probability that the experiment conducted in the study will detect the system flaw? b. Suppose the system flaw occurs when drilling steel material with a 25-inch drill size at a speed of 2,500 rpm. Of the 168 possible machining conditions, only 7 have such a configuration. Find the probability that the experiment conducted in the actual study will detect the system flaw.
Continuous Probability Distributions
Probability distributions are of two types, which are continuous probability distributions and discrete probability distributions. A continuous probability distribution contains an infinite number of values. For example, if time is infinite: you could count from 0 to a trillion seconds, billion seconds, so on indefinitely. A discrete probability distribution consists of only a countable set of possible values.
Normal Distribution
Suppose we had to design a bathroom weighing scale, how would we decide what should be the range of the weighing machine? Would we take the highest recorded human weight in history and use that as the upper limit for our weighing scale? This may not be a great idea as the sensitivity of the scale would get reduced if the range is too large. At the same time, if we keep the upper limit too low, it may not be usable for a large percentage of the population!
 alt="The Journal of Engineering in Industry (Aug. 1993) reported on an automated system designed to replace
the cutting tool of a drilling machine at optimum times. To test the system, data were collected over a
broad range of materials, drill sizes, drill speeds, and feed rates – called machining conditions. Although a
total of 168 different machining conditions were possible, only eight were employed in this study. These
are described below:
Experiment
Workpiece
Drill Size
(in.)
25
25
Drill Speed
(грт)
1250
1800
Feed Rate
Material
(ipr)
.011
.005
1
Cast Iron
Cast Iron
Steel
Steel
25
25
3750
2500
.003
.003
.008
4
Steel
25
.125
.125
2500
Steel
Steel
4000
4000
3000
.0065
.009
.010
Steel
.125
a. Suppose one (and only one) of the 168 possible machining conditions will detect a flaw in the system.
What is the probability that the experiment conducted in the study will detect the system flaw?
b. Suppose the system flaw occurs when drilling steel material with a 25-inch drill size at a speed of
2,500 rpm. Of the 168 possible machining conditions, only 7 have such a configuration. Find the
probability that the experiment conducted in the actual study will detect the system flaw.
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