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The figure below shows the structures of the blood group antigens O, A and B.List all nucleotide sugars and glycosyltransferase enzymes that are needed to construct blood group antigen A.

The figure below shows the structures of the blood group antigens O, A and B.List all nucleotide sugars and glycosyltransferase enzymes that are needed to construct blood group antigen A.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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The figure below shows the structures of the blood group antigens O, A and B.List all nucleotide sugars and glycosyltransferase enzymes that are needed to construct blood group antigen A. 

 

### Overview of ABO Blood Group Antigens This diagram illustrates the structural differences between the ABO blood group antigens, focusing on their carbohydrate composition. #### Carbohydrate Structures: 1. **Gal-β1-4-GlcNAc:** - The top left of the diagram shows a basic carbohydrate structure labeled "Gal-β1-4-GlcNAc." 2. **H-Blood Group Antigen:** - In the middle right, the structure is shown with a modification at the 2nd position, forming the H-blood group antigen. 3. **A-Blood Group Antigen:** - The bottom left contains the structure for the A-blood group antigen, with an additional N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) linked by α1,3. 4. **B-Blood Group Antigen:** - At the bottom right, the structure for the B-blood group antigen is shown with an additional galactose (Gal) linked by α1,3. #### Diagrams and Symbols: - The diagram uses different colored shapes to represent various sugar molecules: - **Circle (Yellow):** Represents galactose (Gal). - **Square (Blue):** Represents N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). - **Triangle (Red):** Represents fucose (Fuc) in the core structure. - Connecting lines and numbered positions (e.g., β1-4, α1-2, α1-3) indicate the type of glycosidic linkage between the sugar molecules. #### Key Points: - The H-antigen is a precursor for both A and B antigens. - The addition of specific sugars differentiates A and B blood group antigens. - The enzymatic activity responsible for the addition of sugars determines an individual's blood type. This schematic is critical for understanding blood type compatibility in transfusion medicine.
Transcribed Image Text:### Overview of ABO Blood Group Antigens This diagram illustrates the structural differences between the ABO blood group antigens, focusing on their carbohydrate composition. #### Carbohydrate Structures: 1. **Gal-β1-4-GlcNAc:** - The top left of the diagram shows a basic carbohydrate structure labeled "Gal-β1-4-GlcNAc." 2. **H-Blood Group Antigen:** - In the middle right, the structure is shown with a modification at the 2nd position, forming the H-blood group antigen. 3. **A-Blood Group Antigen:** - The bottom left contains the structure for the A-blood group antigen, with an additional N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) linked by α1,3. 4. **B-Blood Group Antigen:** - At the bottom right, the structure for the B-blood group antigen is shown with an additional galactose (Gal) linked by α1,3. #### Diagrams and Symbols: - The diagram uses different colored shapes to represent various sugar molecules: - **Circle (Yellow):** Represents galactose (Gal). - **Square (Blue):** Represents N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). - **Triangle (Red):** Represents fucose (Fuc) in the core structure. - Connecting lines and numbered positions (e.g., β1-4, α1-2, α1-3) indicate the type of glycosidic linkage between the sugar molecules. #### Key Points: - The H-antigen is a precursor for both A and B antigens. - The addition of specific sugars differentiates A and B blood group antigens. - The enzymatic activity responsible for the addition of sugars determines an individual's blood type. This schematic is critical for understanding blood type compatibility in transfusion medicine.
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The ABO blood group is an example of multiple alleles in which total three alleles are responsible for the formation of blood group A, B, AB and O. The presence or absence of a specific antigen on the plasma membrane of the RBC is responsible for a particular type of blood group.

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