The differences for both Roles 6 and 7 are statistically significant. For which one of these roles is significance at a higher level? Explain.
The differences for both Roles 6 and 7 are statistically significant. For which one of these roles is significance at a higher level? Explain.
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Question
The differences for both Roles 6 and 7 are statistically significant. For which one of these roles is significance at a higher level? Explain.
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Exercise 40 ProlessionaIS ROIE Fercepions. I Test 1oI DependCt Uloups.
Table 1 continued
11. Making referals
12. Staff meetings
13. Research
14. Personal professional development
15. Parent education
16. Parent consultation
17. Administrator and/or teacher consultation
18. Report writing
19. Psychometric testing
20. Community outreach
21. Assessing psychosocial adjustment
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p<.001.
3.45***
5.50***
-3.71***
-3.27***
-7.06***
0.77
2.92**
4.59
5.18
3.58
3.81
152
152
2.80
2.69
3.34
0.77
2.88
1.36
5.24
3.83
2.13
1.58
1.38
3.84
152
3,29
1.73
5.05
3.04
2.87
153
153
2,88
5.00
6.73
153
4.37
153
8.03
7.22
5.41
2.47
4.51***
2.30
0.41
3.35
1.33
1.12
153
153
0.26
0.92
1.82
0.90
0.99
152
1.60
1.78
2.97
-4.02***
152
1.76
1.21
2.06
1.57
Questions for Exercise 40
Part A: Factual Questions
1. What is the value of the difference between actual and ideal means for report writing?
2. Should the null hypothesis for the difference in your answer for Question 1 be rejected? Explain.
3. Is the difference in your answer for Question 1 statistically significant? Explain.
4. What is the value of the difference between actual and ideal means for "Parent consultation"?
5. Should the null hypothesis for the difference in your answer for Question 4 be rejected? Explain.
6. Is the difference in your answer for Question 4 statistically significant? Explain.
7. How many of the 21 null hypotheses underlying the tests in the table should not be rejected?
8. The differences for both Roles 17 and 18 are statistically significant. For which one of these
roles is significance at a higher level? Explain.
123
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Exercise 40 Professionals' Role Perceptions
t Test for Dependent Groups: I
Statistical Guide
The t test for dependent groups has the same purpose as the one for independent groups (see
the statistical guide for Exercise 37). When each member of one group is paired or matched with a
member of the other group, the data are called "dependent," and the t test for dependent groups
should be used. This test is also known as the t test for correlated data or the t test for paired data.
Note that when a set of significance tests is presented in a table, those tests without a foot-
note indicating significance should be regarded as being not significant.
Background Notes
In the following excerpt, the data are “paired" in the sense that each participant responded to
each item twice: The first time, each indicated what they actually did; the second time, each indi-
cated what they would like to do in the ideal. Thus, each pair of scores consists of the two responses
of one respondent.
In Table 1, the symbol “M%" refers to the mean percentage of time spent (or might ideally
be spent). Thus, these statistics are means, which can be tested with t tests.
Excerpt from the Research Article'
The study sample consisted of 183 school social workers, 137 school psychologists, and 166
school counselors. All were members of their respective national professional organizations.... Each
organization provided me with mailing labels for a random sample of 400 current members. The
1,200 randomly selected professionals [were mailed] survey questionnaires.. The 486 returned sur-
veys represent a response rate of 40.5%.
Each respondent was asked to indicate the proportion of his or her professional time actually
dedicated to each of the 21 roles, as well as the proportion of professional time he or she would ide-
ally devote to each role.
Table 1
Mean Proportion of Time School Counselors Actually and Would Ideally Devote to Each of 21 Professional Roles
Actual
Ideal
n
M%
SD
M%
SD
-5.80***
-8.98***
1. Individual counseling
2. Group counseling
3. Crisis intervention
4. Conflict resclution
26.20
13.76
153
19.67
15.78
18.14
10.11
3.07
152
7.98
9.82
152
4.76
4.80
3.17
5.34***
3.54***
1.82
-2.14*
7.30***
-1.96
-5.58***
-1.26
152
3.76
4.46
5.74
8.66
5. Academic advisement
152
5.74
8.66
5.11
7.98
6. Vocational interest testing
7. Academic scheduling
8. College advisement
9. Providing staff training
10. Program development
152
1.10
2.60
1.66
3.01
7.23
4.65
151
10.00
2.44
4.36
151
8.37
5.42
9.31
2.69
3.42
151
1.22
1.80
2.16
152
3.64
4.17
3.97
Table 1 continued on next page →
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Exercise 40 Professionals' Role Perceptions
t Test for Dependent Groups: I
Statistical Guide
The t test for dependent groups has the same purpose as the one for independent groups (see
the statistical guide for Exercise 37). When each member of one group is paired or matched with a
member of the other group, the data are called "dependent," and the t test for dependent groups
should be used. This test is also known as the t test for correlated data or the t test for paired data.
Note that when a set of significance tests is presented in a table, those tests without a foot-
note indicating significance should be regarded as being not significant.
Background Notes
In the following excerpt, the data are “paired" in the sense that each participant responded to
each item twice: The first time, each indicated what they actually did; the second time, each indi-
cated what they would like to do in the ideal. Thus, each pair of scores consists of the two responses
of one respondent.
In Table 1, the symbol “M%" refers to the mean percentage of time spent (or might ideally
be spent). Thus, these statistics are means, which can be tested with t tests.
Excerpt from the Research Article'
The study sample consisted of 183 school social workers, 137 school psychologists, and 166
school counselors. All were members of their respective national professional organizations.... Each
organization provided me with mailing labels for a random sample of 400 current members. The
1,200 randomly selected professionals [were mailed] survey questionnaires.. The 486 returned sur-
veys represent a response rate of 40.5%.
Each respondent was asked to indicate the proportion of his or her professional time actually
dedicated to each of the 21 roles, as well as the proportion of professional time he or she would ide-
ally devote to each role.
Table 1
Mean Proportion of Time School Counselors Actually and Would Ideally Devote to Each of 21 Professional Roles
Actual
Ideal
n
M%
SD
M%
SD
-5.80***
-8.98***
1. Individual counseling
2. Group counseling
3. Crisis intervention
4. Conflict resclution
26.20
13.76
153
19.67
15.78
18.14
10.11
3.07
152
7.98
9.82
152
4.76
4.80
3.17
5.34***
3.54***
1.82
-2.14*
7.30***
-1.96
-5.58***
-1.26
152
3.76
4.46
5.74
8.66
5. Academic advisement
152
5.74
8.66
5.11
7.98
6. Vocational interest testing
7. Academic scheduling
8. College advisement
9. Providing staff training
10. Program development
152
1.10
2.60
1.66
3.01
7.23
4.65
151
10.00
2.44
4.36
151
8.37
5.42
9.31
2.69
3.42
151
1.22
1.80
2.16
152
3.64
4.17
3.97
Table 1 continued on next page →
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