The broken back curve shown is to be replaced by a compound curve R2 = 1.8 R1. T1=250m, T2=350m, Δ1/2=30°, Δ2/2=20°, and short tangent =45m. Determine: a. new values of radii b. new values of tangents (ans: a) R1=1101.928m R2=1983.470m, and m=295.261m and n=349.739m)

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Highway Surveys and Location

Surveying is an operation in the civil engineering domain that requires collecting and identifying data regarding an area of land and topography. The data that is collected can be helped to plan and undertake the construction process. Civil engineers perform surveys to gather three-dimensional information regarding a particular area. Engineers specify several points on the surface of the earth and relationship between points, and the distance and angles between the points are evaluated. The data from this evaluation guides in drawing plans regarding buildings and structures.