The biggest challenge for a saltwater fish swimming into an estuary from the ocean is the temperature change that would stress the fish by denaturing its proteins. the high water flow that would make the fish expend more energy. the low oxygen content that would give the fish difficulty in swimming aerobically. O the change in water solute content that would challenge the osmotic balance of the fish.

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Nitrogen metabolism

Nitrogen metabolism is the synthesis, utilization or uptake, breakdown, and excretion of nitrogenous compounds in the body. The nitrogen metabolism encompasses nitrogen fixation, biosynthesis, and the breakdown of amino acids, purines, and pyrimidine. Since nitrogen-containing compounds are required for various life processes, nitrogen is an important element of life.