TABLE 4| The risk of low academic self-efficacy among students. Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5 OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI Symptoms of anxiaty and dopression (HSCL-25) Fow or modarate 1 Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Sovero 4.55 (2.79–7.42) 4.01 (2.40–6.69) 4.28 (2.61-7.01) 4.72 (2.87–7.79) 3.82 (2.25-6.49) Social/emotional lonoliness No Ref. Ref. Yes 1.67 (0.92–3.02) 1.83 (0.99–3.38) Financially vulnorable No 1 Ref. 1 Ref. Yos 1.60 (1.00-2.55) 1.75 (1.08–2.83) Hours spont on studies per wook More than 40 Ref. Rof. 20-39 0.50 (0.27–0.93) 0.51 (0.27-0.95) 0-19 1.38 (0.79-2.40) 1.51 (0.86-2.66) Log likolihood -243.80 -242.45 -241.86 -237.42 -233.21 Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidance interval (95% CI). N = 659.
Correlation
Correlation defines a relationship between two independent variables. It tells the degree to which variables move in relation to each other. When two sets of data are related to each other, there is a correlation between them.
Linear Correlation
A correlation is used to determine the relationships between numerical and categorical variables. In other words, it is an indicator of how things are connected to one another. The correlation analysis is the study of how variables are related.
Regression Analysis
Regression analysis is a statistical method in which it estimates the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variable. In simple terms dependent variable is called as outcome variable and independent variable is called as predictors. Regression analysis is one of the methods to find the trends in data. The independent variable used in Regression analysis is named Predictor variable. It offers data of an associated dependent variable regarding a particular outcome.
- In Table 4, the dependent variable is academic self-efficacy and the independent variables are 1) symptoms of anxiety and depression, 2) social loneliness, 3) financial vulnerability, and 4) hours spent on studies per week. Look at the model 2, find OR that is statistically significant. What does OR=4.01 mean in the model 2 above? Fill out the blanks and choose the right word in the parenthesis below.
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Low academic self-efficacy |
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Few or moderate anxiety |
Odds ratio=1 (reference) |
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Severe anxiety |
Odds ratio=4.01 (95% CI=2.40, 6.69) |
Students with severe anxiety are ( ) times ( ) likely to have low academic self-efficacy and this is statistically (significant/non-significant).
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