Homework Help is Here – Start Your Trial Now!
Science
Anatomy and Physiology
T cells For the effective clearance of HPV, a robust T-helper (Th) cell and cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response is needed." There are two types of Th responses, Th1 and Th2. Th1 responses are usually directed against intracellular pathogens and pro- mote a proinflammatory response, whereas Th2 responses are usually induced in infections with extracellular pathogens, play a role in allergic reactions and are not proinflammatory. Interestingly, it has been unraveled that HPV is able to inter- fere with Th1/Th2 polarization of the immune response. In early HPV-induced lesions, cytokines associated with a Th2- like immune response such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 are detected and only low or no IFNY-mediated Th1 responses. On the contrary, high-grade epithelial lesions have upregulated levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and ele- vated levels of both Th1 and Th2 associated cytokines, reflecting an uncoordinated immune response in advanced disease. The shift from Th1 to Th2 during the early lesions may perturb proper virus immune recognition and thus pro- mote disease persistence and progression. 61 62 62,63

T cells For the effective clearance of HPV, a robust T-helper (Th) cell and cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response is needed." There are two types of Th responses, Th1 and Th2. Th1 responses are usually directed against intracellular pathogens and pro- mote a proinflammatory response, whereas Th2 responses are usually induced in infections with extracellular pathogens, play a role in allergic reactions and are not proinflammatory. Interestingly, it has been unraveled that HPV is able to inter- fere with Th1/Th2 polarization of the immune response. In early HPV-induced lesions, cytokines associated with a Th2- like immune response such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 are detected and only low or no IFNY-mediated Th1 responses. On the contrary, high-grade epithelial lesions have upregulated levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and ele- vated levels of both Th1 and Th2 associated cytokines, reflecting an uncoordinated immune response in advanced disease. The shift from Th1 to Th2 during the early lesions may perturb proper virus immune recognition and thus pro- mote disease persistence and progression. 61 62 62,63

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
See similar textbooks
icon
Related questions
Question
Hello can you provide short explanation about this paragraph. Thank you
sy th T cells For the effective clearance of HPV, a robust T-helper (Th) cell and cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response is needed." There are two types of Th responses, Th1 and Th2. Th1 responses are usually directed against intracellular pathogens and pro- mote a proinflammatory response, whereas Th2 responses are usually induced in infections with extracellular pathogens, ef play a role in allergic reactions and are not proinflammatory. Interestingly, it has been unraveled that HPV is able to inter- fere with Th1/Th2 polarization of the immune response. early HPV-induced lesions, cytokines associated with a Th2- like immune response such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 are detected and only low or responses. On the contrary, high-grade epithelial lesions have upregulated levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and ele- vated levels of both Th1 and Th2 associated cytokines, reflecting an uncoordinated immune response in advanced disease. The shift from Th1 to Th2 during the early lesions may perturb proper virus immune recognition and thus pro- mote disease persistence and progression." CC 61 eli is tu Wi IF an In do in th no IFNY-mediated Th1 fe: ge pr es th th all 62,63 th
Transcribed Image Text:sy th T cells For the effective clearance of HPV, a robust T-helper (Th) cell and cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response is needed." There are two types of Th responses, Th1 and Th2. Th1 responses are usually directed against intracellular pathogens and pro- mote a proinflammatory response, whereas Th2 responses are usually induced in infections with extracellular pathogens, ef play a role in allergic reactions and are not proinflammatory. Interestingly, it has been unraveled that HPV is able to inter- fere with Th1/Th2 polarization of the immune response. early HPV-induced lesions, cytokines associated with a Th2- like immune response such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 are detected and only low or responses. On the contrary, high-grade epithelial lesions have upregulated levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and ele- vated levels of both Th1 and Th2 associated cytokines, reflecting an uncoordinated immune response in advanced disease. The shift from Th1 to Th2 during the early lesions may perturb proper virus immune recognition and thus pro- mote disease persistence and progression." CC 61 eli is tu Wi IF an In do in th no IFNY-mediated Th1 fe: ge pr es th th all 62,63 th
Expert Solution
steps

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTIONCheck out a sample Q&A here
Blurred answer
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Anatomy and Physiology
ISBN:
9780134580999
Author:
Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:
PEARSON
Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology
ISBN:
9781259398629
Author:
McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:
Mcgraw Hill Education,
Human Anatomy
Human Anatomy
Anatomy and Physiology
ISBN:
9780135168059
Author:
Marieb, Elaine Nicpon, Brady, Patricia, Mallatt, Jon
Publisher:
Pearson Education, Inc.,
Anatomy & Physiology: An Integrative Approach
Anatomy & Physiology: An Integrative Approach
Anatomy and Physiology
ISBN:
9780078024283
Author:
Michael McKinley Dr., Valerie O'Loughlin, Theresa Bidle
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (Marieb, Human Anatomy…
Human Anatomy & Physiology (Marieb, Human Anatomy…
Anatomy and Physiology
ISBN:
9780321927040
Author:
Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn
Publisher:
PEARSON
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS