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- Peter Parker is looking for new materials for his synthetic web. Materials generally involve polymers, which are long, repeating molecules, which can be linear or branched, which can have molecular masses in the order of thousands or tens of thousands of Daltons. To prepare polymers, advanced reactions are usually required, such as coupling reactions, Ziegler – Natta, advanced oxidations, among others. The characteristics of the polymer depend of the properties of the geometry and polarity of its precursors, so Parker decides to study different precursors proposed by Tony Stark. Help Parker with his investigation: a) Stark proposes to Parker that he can use some anions as crosslinking ligands between cationic polymers to increase the strength of your webs. He proposes you to try the anions of sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4), lithium borohydride (LiBH4), calcium hexafluorophosphate (Ca (PF6)2), ammonium fluorophosphate ((NH4)2PO3F) and sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3). Propose the most probable…Outline some methods for obtaining ultra-high orientation in polymers (e.g. Kevlar).(d) Crystalline polyethylene has a density of 1000 kg m³ and amorphous polyethylene a density of 865 kg m3. Calculate the volume fraction crystallinity of a sample of branched polyethylene which has a density of 900 kg m. Why is the crystallinity of this sample so low?
- Hydrogen bonding between polyamide chains plays animportant role in determining the properties of a nylonsuch as nylon 6,6 (Table 12.6). Draw the structuralformulas for two adjacent chains of nylon 6,6 and showwhere hydrogen-bonding interactions could occur betweenthem.In which of these substances is significant hydrogen bondingpossible: methylene chloride (CH2Cl2), phosphine(PH3), chloramine (NH2Cl), acetone (CH3COCH3)?Crystalline polyethylene has a density of 1000 kg m-3and amorphous polyethylene a densityof 865 kg m-3. Calculate the volume fraction crystallinity of a sample of branched polyethylenewhich has a density of 900 kg m-3. Why is the crystallinity of this sample so low?
- 9. Consider the two polymers Nylon 6,10, with the degree of polymerization of 100 and poly(ethyl methacrylate) with the degree of polymerization of 1200. (a) Write chemical structures of the polymers. (b) What polymer will have a higher value of real end-to-end distance in bulk? Assume that the values of characteristic ratio and bond length are the same for these polymers. 1/2 The equation for the end-to-end distance: (²) 11² = α (nCN) 1/215. Briefly discuss permeability in polymers with equations and conditions controlling permeability. Give 2 applications of semipermeable polymeric membranes in Biological and chemical systems.In the case of isopilianions, briefly state:- why polymeric species with a defined MW are formed.- why the extent of polymerization is different depending on the metal.- why these polyhedra with such special structures are formed.
- In which of these substances is significant hydrogen bonding possible: methylene chloride 1CH2Cl22, phosphine 1PH32, chloramine 1NH2Cl2, acetone 1CH3COCH32?Molecule X is a linear polymer that is the main component of wood and cotton. What is the common (not IUPAC) name of X? Note: be as specific as you can be. A name that is too general, like "big molecule" or "protein" will be marked wrong. Select the sketch that shows what X looks like when added to water. (Choose one) i i Each blue shape stands for a monomer. Suppose a molecule of X is completely hydrolyzed, for example by an enzyme, or by acid and heat. List the common (not IUPAC) names of the molecules that will be released. 0 0The following polymer may be used as polymer binders for coatings; please write down the structure of the monomer(s) that should be used to synthesize the polymer