Synaptic transmission requires a vast number of molecular interactions taking place on both ends of synaptic cl Indicate each of the below molecules, events, or effects that is associated with the PRE-synaptic or POST-syna a) Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel [Select] b) a-latrotoxin [Select] c) IPSP [Select] d) Endocannabinoid synthesis [Select] e) Acetylcholine synthesis [Select] f) BOTOX (botulinum toxin) [Select] g) Tetanus toxin [Select] h) Curare [Select] i) Signal amplification [Select] j) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nChR) [Select] k) Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mChR) [Select] I) Cannabinoid CB₁ receptor [Select] m) NMDA receptor [Select]

Synaptic transmission requires a vast number of molecular interactions taking place on both ends of synaptic cl Indicate each of the below molecules, events, or effects that is associated with the PRE-synaptic or POST-syna a) Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel [Select] b) a-latrotoxin [Select] c) IPSP [Select] d) Endocannabinoid synthesis [Select] e) Acetylcholine synthesis [Select] f) BOTOX (botulinum toxin) [Select] g) Tetanus toxin [Select] h) Curare [Select] i) Signal amplification [Select] j) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nChR) [Select] k) Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mChR) [Select] I) Cannabinoid CB₁ receptor [Select] m) NMDA receptor [Select]

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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The membrane potential labeled (0) is due to which of the following (when compared to (3) potential. (A) voltage-gated Na+ channels (B) voltage-gated K+ channels (C) voltage-gated slow Ca++ channels (D) voltage-gated fast Ca++ channels (E) voltage-gated transient Ca++ channels (F) funny channels
In an experiment, it was determined that the motor (effector) neuron for muscle fibre 1 had a threshold level of –5 mV. The motor (effector) neuron for muscle fibre 2 had a threshold level of –16 mV. An electrical probe was used to stimulate these two effector neurons of the muscle fibres. Which of the following rows correctly identifies the reaction of each muscle fibre based on the applied stimulus voltage? a. Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –10 mV Contracted Relaxed b. Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –20 mV Relaxed Contracted c. Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –10 mV Relaxed Contracted d. Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –20 mV Contracted Relaxed
Which statement is true regarding the neuron synapse? B) binging of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic neuron membrane can generate an action potential in that neuron C) the binding of a neurotransmitter always causes an excitatory effect on that cell, never inhibitory D) the presynaptic and pastsynaptic neuron membranes are not physically separated
John Hughes and Hans Kosterlitz identified the endorphin receptor in frogs, and concluded that animals have a "built in" opioid system. To make sure that endorphins are truly neurochemicals, which of the following question should we ask these gentlemen? Please select all that apply.a) Are endorphins released in response to presynaptic depolarization? b) Do endorphins interact with postsynaptic receptors? c) Are endorphins found in presynaptic cells? d) Are endorphins subject to reuptake?
In a neuron at rest, there is a difference in the electrical charge across the cell membrane, with the inside of the cell being more negative than the outside. This is primarily due to: a) secondary active transport of Na+ b) the difference in the concentrations of Na+ inside and outside of the cell c) simple diffusion of K+ ions d) leak channels increasing the permeability of the membrane to K+ ions e) facilitated diffusion of Na+ ions
Which of the following occurs during synaptic transmission? Select ALL that apply A) vesicles filled with neurotransmitter are released into the synapse B) an action potential travels through a neuron like a wave C) neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the sending neuron D) neurotransmitter binding to a receptor triggers the opening of an ion channel E) ions enter the receiving neuron's dendrites
11) Compare the propagation speeds of an action potential along an axon that is 10 µM in diameter and one that is 20 uM in diameter. You must have a quantitative answer. 12) How would the velocity of action potential propagation change if you quadrupled the membrane conductance? You must have a quantitative answer. 13) You discover a mutation in mice that causes them to suddenly lose their myelin sheaths. How would this mutation change the speed of action potential propagation and why? 9
Refer to the graph showing the course of an action potential. Which of the numbered points along the graph represent the time when voltage-gated potassium channels are first activated? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
Calcium entry through NNDA receptor can potentiate synaptic transmission through the following mechanisms EXCEPT: a.) Insertion of AMPA receptors to postsynaptic membrane b.) Synthesis of NO to increase presynaptic transmitter release c.) Phosphorylation of AMPA receptors d.) Slowing down glutamate reupdate, so it remains longer in the synapse
Which of the following statements concerning synapses is FALSE? O A) Modulation of synaptic strength can be presynaptic of postsynaptic B) High frequency stimulation in the presynaptic neuron often leads to DECREASED neurotransmitter release O C) Modulation of synaptic strength can either be short term, lasting seconds, or long term, lasting as long as a lifetime. D) Agonists are drugs that mimic neurotransmitters and antagonists are drugs that block the action of neurotransmitters O E) Certain drugs prevent the reuptake of neurotransmitter from the synapse
1- Match these terms with the correct statement or definition fa Myelinated Sodium Unmyelinated Node of Ranvier Potassium proteins Saltatory conduction Action potential Summation Threshold Leak channels A) Bare area of a myelinated axon B) Can propagate without changing its magnitude C) Type of axon that lacks myelin sheath D) The concentration of this ion and negatively charged proteins is much greater inside the cell than outside E) The concentration of this ion is much greater outside the cell than inside F) Action potentials are conducted from one node of Ranvier to another G) An action potential occurs when a graded potential reaches this level H) Type of axon that is surrounded by extensions from oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells that wrap repeatedly around a segment of the axon I) Large, negatively charged, do not cross the plasma membrane J) Occurs when the effects of one graded potential are added onto the effects produced by another graded potential K) These channels are…
When a neuron fires an action potential, closing of the voltage-gated Na+ channels helps to bring an end to _________. A) the depolarizing phase of the action potential B) the repolarizing phase of the action potential C) graded potential changes D) the resting potential E) vesicle fusion at the synapse