**Title: Understanding Dominant Epistasis in Squash Color Inheritance****Introduction to Genetic Pathways in Squash:**Suppose two independently assorting genes are involved in the pathway that determines fruit color in squash. These genes interact with each other to produce the squash colors seen in the grocery store.**Genetic Loci and Alleles:**- **First Locus:** - Allele W: Codes for a dominant white phenotype. - Allele w: Codes for a colored squash phenotype.- **Second Locus:** - Allele Y: Codes for a dominant yellow phenotype. - Allele y: Codes for a recessive green phenotype.The phenotypes from the first locus will always mask the phenotype produced by the second locus if the dominant allele (W) is present at the first locus. This masking pattern is known as **dominant epistasis**.**Example Cross:**A dihybrid squash with the genotype Ww Yy is self-fertilized and produces 128 offspring. The challenge is to determine how many offspring exhibit white, yellow, and green phenotypes.**Calculating Expected Offspring:**Fill in the expected number of offspring for each phenotype based on the genetic cross:- **Number of white offspring:**- **Number of yellow offspring:**- **Number of green offspring:** **Yellow and Green Offspring Counter**- **Number of Yellow Offspring:** [Input Box]- **Number of Green Offspring:** [Input Box]This section allows users to input the number of yellow and green offspring respectively. This tool can be used for educational purposes to facilitate understanding of genetics and traits inheritance in offspring.

In genetics, the genes are the hereditary units of life. Each gene has its alternative forms called…

Suppose two independently assorting genes are involved in the pathway that determines fruit color in squash. These genes interact with each other to produce the squash colors seen in the grocery store. At the first locus, the W allele codes for a dominant white phenotype, whereas the w allele codes for a colored squash. At the second locus, the allele Y codes for a dominant yellow phenotype, and the allele y codes for a recessive green phenotype. The phenotypes from the first locus will always mask the phenotype produced by the second locus if the dominant allele (W) is present at the first locus. This masking pattern is known as dominant epistasis. A dihybrid squash, Ww Yy, is selfed and produces 128 offspring. How many offspring are expected to have the white, yellow, and green phenotypes? number of white offspring: number of yellow offspring:

Suppose two independently assorting genes are involved in the pathway that determines fruit color in squash. These genes interact with each other to produce the squash colors seen in the grocery store. At the first locus, the W allele codes for a dominant white phenotype, whereas the w allele codes for a colored squash. At the second locus, the allele Y codes for a dominant yellow phenotype, and the allele y codes for a recessive green phenotype. The phenotypes from the first locus will always mask the phenotype produced by the second locus if the dominant allele (W) is present at the first locus. This masking pattern is known as dominant epistasis. A dihybrid squash, Ww Yy, is selfed and produces 128 offspring. How many offspring are expected to have the white, yellow, and green phenotypes? number of white offspring: number of yellow offspring:

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter11: The Basic Principles Of Heredity

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12TYU: Genes A and B are 6 map units apart, and A and C are 4 map units apart. Which gene is in the middle...

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Mendel performs a cross using a true-breeding pea plant with round, yellow seeds and a true- breeding pea plant with green, wrinkled seeds. What is the probability that offspring will have green, round seeds? Calculate the probability for the F1 and F2 generations.
The gene controlling ABO blood type and the gene underlying nail-patella syndrome are said to show linkage. What does that mean in terms of their relative locations in the genome? What does it mean in terms of how the two traits are inherited with respect to each other?
Analysis of X-Linked Dominant and Recessive Traits A young boy is color-blind. His one brother and five sisters are not. The boy has three maternal uncles and four maternal aunts. None of his uncles children or grandchildren is color-blind. One of the maternal aunts married a color-blind man, and half of her children, both male and female, are color-blind. The other aunts married men who have normal color vision. All their daughters have normal vision, but half of their sons are color-blind. a. Which of the boys four grandparents transmitted the gene for color blindness? b. Are any of the boys aunts or uncles color-blind? c. Is either of the boys parents color-blind?
The following pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of red green color blindness in a family. Females are shown as circles and males as squares; the squares or circles of individuals affected by the trait are filled in red. What is the chance that a son of the third-generation female indicated by the arrow will be color-blind if the father is a normal man? If the father is color-blind?
What evidence indicates that a trait is coded by a dominant allele on an autosome?
Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. If Sarah carries the mutant cancer allele and Adam carries the mutant heart disease allele, what is the chance that they would have a child who is free of both diseases? Are these good odds?
Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?
Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?
Another gene in Drosophila determines wing length. The dominant wild-type allele of this gene produces long wings; a recessive allele produces vestigial (short) wings. A female that is true- breeding for red eyes and long wings is mated with a male that has purple eyes and vestigial wings. F1 females are then crossed with purple-eyed, vestigial-winged males. From this second cross, a total of 600 offspring are obtained with the following combinations of traits: 252 with red eyes and long wings 276 with purple eyes and vestigial wings 42 with red eyes and vestigial wings 30 with purple eyes and long wings Are the genes linked, unlinked, or sex-linked? If they are linked, how many map units separate them on the chromosome?
Variations in Phenotype Expression Define penetrance and expressivity.
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal disease that mainly affects the white population, and 1 in 20 whites are heterozygotes. Genetic testing can diagnose heterozygotes. Should a genetic screening program for cystic fibrosis be instituted? Should the federal government fund it? Should the program be voluntary or mandatory, and why?
In Section 12-1, Julie is concerned that she may develop breast cancer, but testing shows that she does not carry the rare high-risk BRCA1 and BRCA2 alleles. What if further testing showed that some of her aunts, her mother, and she carried a common low-risk allele for breast cancer. What would you recommend to Julie if you were her genetic counselor?