Suppose the estimated BOD of an influent sample is expected to be 150 mg/L and the dissolved oxygen concentration of the oxygen saturated dilution water used in the BOD test is 8.5 mg/L. If you are using a 300 mL BOD bottle, estimate the maximum and minimum amount of sample you would add to the BOD bottle to ensure satisfactory test results. NOTE: Acceptable BOD test should comply with the two essential criteria: DO final ≥ 2 mg/L and DO initial – DO final ≥ 2 mg/L. Assume that the dilution water is the only source of oxygen.

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Fluid Materials

In general terms, anything that flows can be termed as a fluid. In other words, a fluid is any substance that cannot resist shear forces and deforms continuously under the application of external shear forces. Fluid materials differ completely from solid materials such as metals and alloys. For instance, if we consider two infinitesimally small cross-sectional areas of fluid materials and solid materials, and apply shear forces to these elements, both the elements will undergo deformation. Upon releasing the shear force, the element of the solid materials will regain its original orientation, but the element of the fluid materials will keep on deforming continuously under the action of the shear force.